南麂列岛海洋自然保护区的虾类种类组成和数量分布  

Species composition and quantitative distribution of shrimp in the Nanji Islands marine conservation area

作　　者：夏陆军[1] 陈万东 郑基[1] 蔡厚才 伍尔魏 毕耜瑶 谢旭[1] 俞存根[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋学院水产学院,浙江舟山316024 [2]南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区管理局,浙江平阳325401

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第3期648-660,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270527);南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区管理局委托项目(NJKJ-2013-003)

摘　　要：根据2013年11月、2014年2月、5月、9月在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区开展渔业资源调查所获得的虾类调查资料,将生物量作为虾类资源分布的数量指标,对南麂列岛海洋自然保护区的虾类种类组成、数量分布、优势种变化,及其与环境因子的关系等进行了研究。结果如下:(1)调查海域共鉴定出虾类25种,隶属于9科17属,虾类生物量各季节由高到低依次为夏季(32358.0 g)、秋季(13033.0 g)、冬季(3938.6 g)、春季(3635.6 g);(2)虾类数量分布季节变化明显,且岛礁区偏外的开阔海域虾类生物量比较高;(3)不同季节优势种更替较显著,春季优势种为日本鼓虾、鲜明鼓虾和细巧仿对虾,夏季优势种为哈氏仿对虾和中华管鞭虾,秋季优势种为中华管鞭虾、细巧仿对虾和哈氏仿对虾,冬季的优势种为细巧仿对虾、脊尾白虾、鲜明鼓虾和日本鼓虾;(4)水深对虾类生物量分布影响明显,各季节虾类生物量与环境因子相关性关系变化较大。结论认为,南麂列岛调查海域的虾类种类以季节性的广温广盐性种类为主;主要优势种生物量夏秋两季明显高于冬春两季,可能是因为大量虾类冬春季离开该海域去其他海域越冬繁殖,而到了夏秋季则回到该海域产卵、育肥和栖息;在夏、秋、冬季沿岸区虾类生物量高于岩礁区,可能因为虾类一般生活于有利于索饵、成长的泥沙底质沿岸区;优势种更替显著与主要优势种生长周期与虾类个体大小特征有关;南麂列岛海域虾类生物量与环境因子关系复杂与该海域多变的温度盐度、复杂区系特点有关;虾类生物量分布随水深变化分布明显,这主要是由于调查海域主要优势种虾类活动范围与水深有关。The Nanji Islands marine conservation area is one of the first five national marine nature reserves established in China with the approval of the State Council. Because it has a reputation for marine life, and especially for its abundance and variety of shellfish and algae, it is called the ＂kingdom of shellfish and algae＂. It is an excellent place for the spawning, feeding, and growth of fish and shrimp, but few scholars or experts have studied the species composition and quantitative distribution of shrimp in the Nanji Islands marine conservation area. We collected shrimp data based on comprehensive fishery resource surveys in November, 2013, and in February, May, and September, 2014, in the Nanji Islands marine conservation area. We studied the species compositions, quantitative distributions, trends in dominant species, and their relationships to environmental factors affecting shrimp in the Nanji Islands marine conservation area, according to survey data for the four seasons, and used catch rates as a quantitative index of the shrimp resource distribution. （1） A total of 25 species were identified, from 74 genera in 49 families, and the seasonal shrimp biomass was （in decreasing order） summer （32358.0 g）〉autumn （13033.0 g）〉winter （3938.6 g）〉spring （3635.6 g）. （2） The seasonal change in the distribution of the shrimp population is clear, and the shrimp biomass in reef areas outside the open ocean was considerably higher. （3） The seasonal variation in the dominant species, or the seasonal succession phenomenon, was very obvious, and the dominant species were Al- pheus japonicus, A. distinguendus, and Parapenaeopsis hardwickii in spring; P. hardwickii and Hippolysmata ensirostris in summer; H. ensirostris, P. tenella, and P. hardwickii in autumn; and P. tenella, Exopalaemon carincauda, A. distinguendus, and A. japonicus in winter. （4） The depth of the water clearly affected the vertical distribution of the shrimp biomass and the correlation relationship has greatly

关 键 词：虾类 种类组成 优势种 数量分布 南麂列岛 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]