池塘养殖刺参腐皮综合征发病环境因素分析  

Environmental factors causing skin ulcer symdrome occurrence in pond-cultured Apostichopus japonicus

作　　者：费聿涛 李秋芬[2] 张艳[2] 成钰[1,2] 李莉 王晓红 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]山东省海洋生物研究院,山东青岛266001

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第3期682-692,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170113)

摘　　要：通过对2014年7—8月山东省青岛市红岛邵哥庄（SGZ）和宿流（SL）两个社区的发生刺参腐皮综合征和未发病刺参养殖池的环境因子跟踪监测和对比,解析发病的原因。从发病前至发病后,分别监测了两地多个池塘水体中的4类可培养细菌（总异养菌、弧菌、硝化细菌和硫化细菌）和6项理化参数（温度、p H、盐度、溶解氧、无机氮、COD）,以及沉积环境中6类可培养细菌（总异养菌、弧菌、硝化细菌、硝酸盐还原菌、硫化细菌、硫酸盐还原菌）和4项理化参数（pH、氧化还原电位、硫化物、有机碳）。结果表明,刺参发病时,邵哥庄发病池（SGZ-1~#）环境中细菌数量与未发病对照池（SGZ-2~#）无显著差异,但温度高达25.94℃,盐度低至24.47,均超过刺参耐受限度。水体NO_2-N含量为79.56μg/L,沉积物中硫化物含量为221.1 mg/g,均高于对照池;宿流发病池SL-南2弧菌数量（1.85×10~4 CFU/mL）在发病当日明显升高,高于对照池SL-北1和邵哥庄社区的发病池,而发病池的理化指标反而好于对照池。由此推断,邵哥庄社区的刺参发病与池塘理化指标突变有密切关系,而宿流的刺参发病与病原菌数量激增有密切关系。因此,应从理化指标和病害生物两方面对刺参病害进行预警及采取防治措施。The relationships between skin ulcer symdrome occurrence in the sea cucumber, Apostichopusjaponicus, and environmental factors were analyzed by comparing the environmental indices in ponds containing diseased and non-diseased sea cucumber in two communities of Shaogezhuang （SGZ） and Suliu （SL） in Hongdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province. Between July 23, before any disease occurred, and August 11, we detected 4 cultivable bacterial groups （heterotrophic bacteria, vibrios, nitrifying bacteria, and sulfurring bacteria） and measured 7 physical-chemical indices （temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, inorganic nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand） in the pond water and detected 6 bacterial groups （heterotrophic bacteria, vibrios, nitrifying bacteria, sul- phuring bacteria, sulphurate-reducing bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria） and measured four physical-chemical indices （pH, redox potential, content of sulfide, and organic carbon） in the pond sediments. The number of bacte- rial groups in the diseased pond SGZ-1# did not differ significantly from those in the non-diseased pond SGZ-2# on the day that disease occurred, whereas the temperature was higher （25.94℃） and the salinity was lower （24.47）. Furthermore, concentration of the nitrite （79.56 μg/L） in pond water and the sulfide （221.1 mg/g） in the sediment were higher in the diseased pond SGZ-1#, exceeding the tolerance thresholds of the sea cucumber. The number of vibrio species in the diseased pond SL-S2# of the Suliu community was significantly higher （1.85× 10^4 CFU/mL） than that in the non-diseased pond SL-N2# on the day that disease occurred, and was also higher than the number in the diseased pond SGZ-1# in the Shaogezhuang community. The physical-chemical indices in pond SL-S2# was much better than those in pond SL-N2#. Therefore, we infer that the disease that occurred in the sea cucumbers in Shaogezhuang was closely related to the large sudden changes in the physical-chemical indices of the water and poor

关 键 词：刺参 疾病 池塘养殖环境 理化因子 可培养细菌 

分 类 号：S947[农业科学—水产养殖]