中国煤中微量元素锡(Sn)的研究进展  

A review of the geochemistry of tin(Sn)in Chinese coals:Measurement,concentration,distribution and modes of occurrence

作　　者：瞿沁嫄 刘桂建[1,2] 孙梅[3] 齐翠翠[1,2] 刘源[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院 [2]中国科学院壳幔物质与环境重点实验室,安徽合肥230036 [3]中国科学技术大学合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《地学前缘》2016年第3期68-73,共6页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2014CB238903);国家自然科学基金项目(41402133);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1408085MB29)

摘　　要：锡(Sn)被认为是具有环境负效应的元素。近年来,不同地区的沉积物样品显示近几十年来地壳中的Sn明显快速上升,并认为煤炭的燃烧可能是导致环境中Sn含量增加的重要途径。锡在中国煤中的平均含量约为3.38μg/g,略高于世界煤中Sn的均值,与上地壳的含量基本持平。由于煤中Sn的含量在10^(-6)量级,因此,在测试过程中可以考虑选择利用ICP-MS和高精度AAS结合微波消解技术对Sn进行测定。因为该元素本身在煤中含量微少,几乎不以独立的矿物相存在,因此鲜少有文献报道。但在本文中,还是提出了几种Sn在煤中的可能存在方式:锡石态、硫化物态、钽铌矿物中的类质同象、有机结合态、硅酸盐矿物中的类质同象,以及非紧密结合的可交换离子态。并以中国典型的高Sn煤层为例,分析了高Sn煤出现的可能原因。此外,当煤中Sn的赋存状态为可交换离子态与有机质结合态时,部分Sn可以在煤的开采和燃烧中迁移并进入环境,应当予以关注。Tin （Sn） is an element with negative environmental effects. In recently years, samples collected from sediment from many places showed very rapid increasing ratio which suggests that Sn emitted from coal might be an important source. In this study, we try to make an overview on the progress of studying of Sn in Chinese coals. Generally, Sn in Chinese coals was 2 - 3 vg/g, relatively higher than the world average and the earth crust abundance. As the content of Sn in Chinese coal ranges from 0.4 to 10. 5 ~g/g, it is suitable to use the ICP-MS or high sensitivity AAS as the measuring instruments after digestion with microwave oven. With the low content, Sn in coals hardly exists in the term of independent minerals. However, several kinds of possible modes of occurrence of Sn were proposed here, including cassiterite, sulfide tin compounds, Sn- included niobium-tantalum minerals, organically bonded Sn, Sn-included silicates and loosely bonded ionic Sn. Based on the occurrences of Sn, the genetic factor of some coal seams which were enriched in Sn was discussed here. Moreover, the mobile ionic Sn and organically bounded Sn should be paid much attention because of their high possibility of emitting into the environment.

关 键 词：锡 SN 丰度 煤 赋存状态 微量元素 

分 类 号：P596[天文地球—地球化学] P618.11[天文地球—地质学]