土地利用对岩溶作用碳汇的影响研究综述  

The research progress and developing tendency of karst water

作　　者：曾思博 蒋勇军 姜光辉 

机构地区：中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/国土资源部、广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2016年第1期1-4,共4页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（41172231、41472239）;广西自然科学基金（2013GXNSFDA019024）;中国地质调查项目（1212011121166）;围家文物局（2011-735）

摘　　要：耦合水生光合作用的岩溶作用碳汇新模式的提出使得碳酸盐岩的风化过程成为寻找“陆地剩余碳汇”（residuallandsink）的新方向。传统意义上,碳酸盐岩风化在全球碳循环模型中被认为是未快速响应地表环境变化的地质过程,然而最新一系列研究表明人类土地利用显著改变了这一地质循环过程。本文总结了岩溶作用碳汇对不同土地利用/覆被变化的具体响应,并对其机理进行了系统分析。发现土地利用与覆被变化影响岩溶作用碳循环过程主要源自土壤CO2浓度和径流量变化以及外源酸（硝酸和硫酸）的介入。证据显示在土地利用对岩溶作用碳汇的调控中土壤CO2浓度与径流量是复杂且相互制约的两个机制,人类活动产生的外源酸干扰在不同层面上的影响也不同。由于地表水生生态系统所产生的内源有机碳（AOC）的巨大稳碳能力（水生碳泵效应）在以往的研究中并没有与碳酸盐岩风化过程相联系,因而其对土地利用变化的响应过程和机理是岩溶碳循环研究的最新方向。基于土地利用调控碳酸盐岩风化过程的复杂性和多样性特点,综合考虑岩溶作用产生的DIC（溶解无机碳）与AOC在不同土地利用情况下的相互关系以及定量分析各环境因素的具体效应成为了合理制定人为土地利用调控策略的必要前提,而这也是岩溶作用碳汇研究的未来发展方向。International conference on groundwater in karst was held in the Birmingham University, June 2015. Hundreds of scholars around the world took part in it and presented their newest studies. As the hosts, University of Birmingham and British Geological Survey showed their new progress on karst research in UK. It is believed that the important presentations in the conference may be representative for the devel opment of karst hydrogeology in the future. Five topics were involved in the conference, including litholog ical, structural ＆ stratigraphical influence on karst groundwater, karst groundwater system modeling, ecological system of karst groundwater, human-karst groundwater interaction, as well as technologies for karst groundwater exploration. According to the presentations, new knowledge emerged one after another. For example, a new modeling method was tried to predict the position of main flow paths in a karst massif. The distributed hybrid model was discussed widely for karst water. An invertebrate ecology of Chalk groundwater was identified by the support from BGS, which set a good example for further study in this topic. A ho listic perspective of karst environment was noted. In the future, research on ecosystem inkarst environment will be noticeable. The accuracy of modeling prediction will be enhanced obviously. Karst environmental problems, which were closely related to human life, will be solved gradually. The current projects arranged by Chinese Geological Survey should follow the new trend appearing in the conference and obtain more functions of predicting and optimal management to serve the society actively.

关 键 词：岩溶作用 碳循环 水生碳泵效应 土地利用 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]