基于DEM和SCS模型的重庆岩溶槽谷区塘堰复蓄次数的计算  

Computational model of pond re-storage times in karst valley area of Chongqing based on DEM and SCS models

作　　者：左烽林 魏朝富[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2016年第1期87-97,共11页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ11B02)

摘　　要：文章以重庆市九龙坡区中梁村和云峰村两个典型岩溶槽谷区为研究区,通过利用数字高程模型（DEM）划分集水区,依据径流曲线数模型（SCS）模拟降雨径流,CROPWAT8.0计算作物需水量,对该区塘堰灌溉系统进行水量平衡分析,计算得到了塘堰复蓄次数。结果表明：（1）SCS模型推算出研究区的径流系数范围为0.16-0.27,该模型模拟产流合理可靠;（2）在岩溶槽谷区以集水区为单位进行塘堰工程来水计算较以行政区划为单位更为准确;（3）岩溶槽谷地区在枯水年时塘堰对雨水利用效率最高,弃水率最小为50.98%;（4）当降雨频率分别为P=50%、75%和95%时,重庆岩溶槽谷地区相应的塘堰复蓄次数为2.51、2.60和2.12。Two typical karst valley areas in Zhongliang and Yunfeng town of Jiu Longpo district, Chongqing are selected as the study area which is located in the middle and east sides of Zhongliangshan Mountains. The study area, with an area of 532.3 hm^2 and an elevation ranging from 300 to 700 m above mean sea level, lies between the latitudes of 106°23′49＂ to 106°25′06＂E and the longitudes of 29°26′20＂ to 29°29′47＂N. The area falls in humid subtropical monsoon climate region, with an average annual precipitation of about 1,027.3 mm and an average annual temperature of 17.3℃. Landform types of the area are karst valley and a typical anti- cline low mountain, where the soil types include yellow limestone soil, dark purple clay and ore sub soil; and land use patterns are dominated by forest land and upland. Hydrologically, as no main stream and tributary run through the area, pond facilities which impound rainwater have become main sources for irrigation in this area. In fact the use of ponding water has been of significance in small scale water supply and to solve the problem of water shortage in southwest China karst region. The number of pond rainwater re-storage is an important parameter in determining the quantity of water supply. Through the analysis of current problem of irrigation systems and the computation of the number of repeated pond water impoundment, it attempts to provide a scientific guidance for future planning of ponding water system in southwest China karst region. In order to predict the repeated impoundment number, SCS model was used to simulate rainfall runoff and crop water requirement, the latter of which was computed by CROPWAT8.0 in this study. Then a water balance analysis of the pond irrigation system was performed and consequently repeated impoundment number of the ponding system was sorted out. The results showed that, （1） Calculated runoff coefficient of the study area by the SCS model was from 0.16 to 0.27, which suggested that the runoff simulated by the model was

关 键 词：SCS模型 DEM 集水区 塘堰复蓄次数 重庆岩溶槽谷区 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]