近52a秦岭南北极端温度变化及其与区域增暖的关系  

Variation Trends of the Extreme Temperature and Its Relationship with Regional Warming in the South and North Sides of the Qinling Mountain During 1961-2012

作　　者：王钊[1] 彭艳 魏娜[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省农业遥感信息中心,陕西西安710014 [2]陕西省气象科学研究所,陕西西安710016 [3]陕西省气候中心,陕西西安710014

出　　处：《干旱气象》2016年第2期269-275,296,共8页Journal of Arid Meteorology

摘　　要：利用中国气象局提供的地面气象站基本气象要素日值数据集（V3.0）中均一化温度数据,分析了1961~2012年陕西境内秦岭山脉南北两侧4个地貌单元平均最高温度和最低温度的趋势分布特征,同时采用极端气候指标计算软件RClimdex计算了5种极端温度指数,并分析其变化特征及其与区域增暖的关系。结果表明：不同季节秦岭地区极端温度变化存在较大的差异,平均最高温度春季增暖信号最明显,而平均最低温度冬季升温明显,不同的增暖趋势导致了秦岭地区春季、秋季气温日较差变大,冬季、夏季气温日较差变小。陕北黄土高原、关中盆地、秦岭南坡和汉水流域平均最高、最低温度变化趋势基本一致,但变化幅度存在一定差异,其中秦岭北部黄土高原和关中盆地平均最低、最高温度的变化幅度均大于南部的秦岭南坡和汉水流域,尤其平均最低温度关中盆地增幅更明显。秦岭北部2区域极端最低温度相关指数的变化幅度大于极端最高温度指数,而南部2区域前者的变化幅度小于后者。秦岭山脉区域增暖与平均最高、最低温度变化密切相关,还受极端温度变化的影响,其北部地区增暖主要是暖夜增加的贡献,而南部地区增暖主要与暖昼增加有关。Based on homogeneous daily average,maximum and minimum temperature data of 47 weather stations in Shaanxi Province from China Meteorological Administration,the trend characteristics of the averaged maximum and minimum temperature during 1961 -2012 in four geomorphic units in the south and north sides of the Qinling Mountain were analyzed firstly.Then five indices of extreme temperature were calculated by RClimdex software,and its relationship with regional warming was studied.The results showed that the variation trends of extreme temperature over the study area in four seasons had great differences,the increase of maximum temperature during 1961 -2012 was most significant in spring,but for minimum temperatures increase was obvious in winter,and the climatic in-creasing rates of the maximum and minimum temperature in four seasons were different,which amplified the daily temperature range in spring and autumn and reduced that in summer and winter.The extreme temperatures all appeared increasing trends in loess plateau, Guanzhong basin,south slope of the Qinling Mountain and Hanshui basin,but the increasing rates in loess plateau and Guanzhong ba-sin of northern Qinling Mountain were higher than that in south slope and Hanshui basin of southern Qinling Mountain,especially the increasing of minimum temperature in Guanzhong basin.The variation rates of extreme minimum temperature indexes in northern Qin-ling Mountain were greater than that of extreme maximum temperature,while that of the former in southern Qinling Mountain was less than the latter.In addition,the regional warming in the Qinling Mountain was not only bound up with the maximumn and minimum temperature,but also was affected by the extreme temperature,and that in north part of the Qinling Mountain was closely related to the increase of warm nights （TN90P）,while in south part of Qinling Mountain it was more likely related to increasing of warm days （TX90P）.

关 键 词：秦岭 RClimdex 极端温度 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]