营养剥夺诱导自噬机制及其对心血管疾病的调控  

Nutrient deprivation induced autophagy mechanism and the regulation on cardiovascular disease

作　　者：曹童童[1] 吕嵘[1] 卫洪昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学病理教研室,上海200120

出　　处：《重庆医科大学学报》2016年第4期411-414,共4页Journal of Chongqing Medical University

基　　金：国家自然基金资助项目(编号:81373858)

摘　　要：自噬(autophagy)最初意为"自食",早在上世纪50年代比利时科学家Christtiande Duve就在电镜下发现自噬体的结构,并在1963年首次提出"自噬"的概念。自噬分为巨自噬、微自噬、分子伴侣介导的自噬。其主要生理功能是通过自噬体包绕受损、变性或衰老的大分子物质及细胞器,在核内体的作用下,与溶酶体融合后降解产生氨基酸、核苷酸及ATP,实现营养物质再循环及补充能量。过度/不足的自噬广泛参与各个系统疾病的病理过程,如神经退行性变、肿瘤及肌病等。在心血管疾病中,诸如心肌缺血、心肌肥大等,都表现为心肌收缩力的减弱,心肌能量利用障碍及不足,自噬在其中的作用机制,也逐渐引起了研究者们的关注。然而,营养剥夺条件下的自噬对细胞生存调控的具体机制还存在争议。Autophagy originally means ＂self-eating＂;the Belgian scientist Christtiande Duve discovered the structure of autophagy in the electron microscope as early as the 1950 s,and first proposed the conception of ＂autophagy＂in 1963. Autophagy includes giant autophagy,micro-autophagy,chaperone-mediated autophagy. Its main physiological function is to wrap round damaged structure,degenerated or aging macromolecules and organelles by forming autophagosomes structure,on the function of fusing endosomes with lysosomes,then amino acids,nucleosides acid and ATP produced by degenerated autophagosomes participate in energy recycling process. Excessive or insufficient pathological autophagy is closely related to various diseases,such as neurodegeneration,cancer and myopathy. In cardiovascular system disease,such as myocardial ischemia,myocardial hypertrophy,etc,which often manifested as decreased myocardial contractility,myocardial energy utilization barriers,the action of autophagy in which has gradually aroused researchers＇ concern. However,the specific mechanism of autophagy in nutrient deprivation condition which regulates cell survival is still controversial.

关 键 词：营养剥夺 自噬 心血管疾病 

分 类 号：R3[医药卫生—基础医学]