国外铁路重组的实践对中国铁路改革的启示  

Railroad Restructuring Practice and Implication for China's Railroad Reform

作　　者：汤浒[1] 赵坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《综合运输》2016年第5期15-20,共6页China Transportation Review

摘　　要："网运分离"和"设立区域公司"是铁路运输业重组的两种典型方案,国外铁路改革重组中也有相应的实践。本文在对中国铁路改革必要性进行分析后,对采用"网运分离"模式进行铁路重组的英国、德国和法国以及采用"区域公司"模式的美国和日本的案例进行梳理,并运用考虑组织结构的委托—代理模型、交易成本和产权等从理论上对已有实践进行解释。研究结论认为,"网运分离"的方案从理论上和实践上也很难做到可持续;中国铁路的改革重组应该考虑"区域公司"的方案。Two typical kinds of railroad restructuring scheme are the separation of rail track and transport and the establishment of regional companies, and there is practice of each type in foreign countries. This paper first analyzes the need of China＇s railroad restructuring, then study the case of typical railroad restructuring practice in Great Britain, Germany, France, U.S.A. and Japan, and offers theoretical explanations to the practice from three aspects, the principal-agent model with organizational structure, transaction cost theory and property rights theory. The research results are as follows, the separation of rail track and transport scheme is not valid both in theory and in practice, and China＇s railroad reform should adopt the establishment of regional companies scheme.

关 键 词：铁路重组 网运分离 区域公司 委托一代理 交易成本 

分 类 号：F53[经济管理—产业经济]