2012年重庆市某区中小学生乙肝疫苗补种后免疫水平调查  

Immune level after hepatitis B vaccination booster among primary and senior school students in a district of Chongqing,2012

作　　者：韩小娅[1] 刘惠[1] 海英[1] 陈小凤[1] 何九宏[1] 任强[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市渝北区疾病预防控制中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2016年第6期648-651,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市渝北区科技计划项目(编号:2012(社)5)

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市某区2009-2011年中小学生完成乙肝疫苗补种活动后6—24个月内的乙肝免疫水平现况，为进一步制定免疫控制策略提供科学依据。方法本研究于2012年采用容量比概率抽样方法，随机抽取重庆市某区参加2009-2011年乙肝疫苗补种的6—14岁中小学生进行问卷及静脉血采样，用ELISA法对乙肝五项免疫标志物进行检测，以单纯（抗-HBs）阳性作为具有免疫力为标准。分析不同接种针剂次人群补种后乙肝抗-HBs阳性率。结果共最终获得样本2956份，该人群补种后只接种一针剂次人群的乙肝抗-HBs阳性率为58．69％，只接种二针剂次人群的乙肝抗-HBs阳性率为64．58％，三针剂次全程接种人群为79．73％，未参种人群为49-31％三针次阳性率明显高于二针次、一针次阳性率（分别χ^2=17．05，P=0．0006；χ^2=25．15，P=0．00001），一针次阳性率明显高于未参种人群阳性率（χ^2=5．71，P=0．018）。标化后，参种人群乙肝抗-HBs总体阳性率为74．74％，未参种人群为49．31％，种后整个中小学生总体阳性率58．02％，参种后该人群总体阳性率显著高于未参种人群（χ^2=36．19，P=0．0009）。结论重庆市某区2009-2011年在中小学开展乙肝疫苗补种活动后显著提高了本地区中小学生的乙肝整体免疫水平，但与其他普种地区相比还有较大差距，距离75％以上的免疫控制屏障水平还有15％的巨大提升空间。Objective To know about the immune level 6-24 months post hepatitis B vaccination booster in 2009-2011 among primary and senior school students in a district of Chongqing, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating further immunization policy. Methods Primary and senior school students aged 6-14 years who received hepatitis B vaccination booster in 2009-2011 were selected by probability proportionate to size sampling method from a district of Chongqing in 2012. A questionnaire survey was conducted and blood was collected for detection of five HBV markers by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Seropositivity of anti-HBs was considered as the immunogenicity standard. Seropositivity rates of anti-HBs among groups with different doses of booster were analyzed. Results A total of 2,956 samples were collected. The seropositivity rate of anti-HBs was significantly higher for the group receiving three doses of booster （79.73%） than for the group receiving one dose of booster （58.69%） and the group receiving two doses of booster （64.58%） （ respectivelyχ^2 = 17.05, P = 0. 0006; χ^2 = 25. 15 , P = 0. 00001 ）, for the group receiving one dose of booster（58.69%） than the group receiving no booster （49.31%） （χ^2 = 5.71, P = 0. 018）. The standardized seropositivity rate of anti-HBs was 74.74% for the booster participants, 49.31% for the non-paritcipants, and 58.02% for the overall population. The seropositivity rate of anti-HBs for the overall population was significantly higher than that for the non-participants （χ^2 = 36.19, P = 0.0009）. Conclusions Hepatitis B vaccine booster among students of primary and senior school in a district of Chongqing in 2009-2011 significantly raises the immune level, but there is big gap from that in other districts with prevalent immunization. There is 15% gap to the immune control horizontal barrier of 75%.

关 键 词：中小学生 乙肝疫苗补种 抗-HBS阳性率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]