4种挺水植物、4种沉水植物及其组合群落去除模拟富营养化水体中总氮和总磷的作用比较  

The Comparison of Removal Effect of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Simulated Eutrophic Water Among 4 Kinds of Emergent Plants, 4 Kinds of Submerged Plants and Their Mixed Communities

作　　者：李欢[1] 吴蔚[1] 罗芳丽[1] 黄文军[2] 张明祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [2]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第2期163-172,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金新教师类资助课题(20120014120001);国家自然科学基金项目(31200314)资助

摘　　要：在模拟的不同水体富营养化条件下,研究了分别由4种挺水植物[雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)、黄花鸢尾(Iris wilsonii)、泽泻(Alis maplantago-aquatica)和野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)]、4种沉水植物[狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)]组成的群落以及由以上随机2种挺水植物+2种沉水植物组成的混合群落对水体中总氮和总磷的去除作用,旨在明确与单由挺水植物或沉水植物组成的群落相比,由挺水植物与沉水植物混合组成的群落是否对水体中的总氮和总磷具有更强的去除能力,并探讨其去除总氮、总磷的增强作用是否受水体富营养化水平的影响。在实验开始和结束时,分别测定了植物、底泥和水体中的总(全)氮和总(全)磷含量以及植物群落的总生物量。研究结果表明,混合群落中黑藻、金鱼藻、雨久花和黄花鸢尾的相对生长速率和累积生物量显著高于它们在单由挺(沉)水植物组成的群落中的相对生长速率和累积生物量,相应地,混合群落中的黒藻、雨久花和黄花鸢尾的全氮和全磷积累率也显著高于单由挺(沉)水植物组成的群落;与单由挺(沉)水植物组成的群落相比,混合群落具有较高的水体总磷去除率,且随着水体富营养化程度的加重而增大,然而其对水体总氮去除率与单由挺(沉)水植物组成的群落差异不显著;在水体中、高富营养化水平下,混合群落底泥的全氮去除率和全磷积累率显著高于单由挺(沉)水植物组成的群落;在水体不同的富营养化水平下,在所构建的混合群落中,狐尾藻+黒藻+雨久花+黄花鸢尾群落、黑藻+金鱼藻+雨久花+野慈姑群落和黑藻+竹叶眼子菜+泽泻+野慈姑群落群落都表现出较高的水体总氮和总磷去除率。因此,与单由挺(沉)水植物植物组成的群落相比,混合群落生长和生态功能都具有Plants can absorb total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the eutrophic water in a certain extent. With the simulated water at 3 kinds of eutrophic levels, the capacity of the emergent （submerged） plants and their mixed communities for total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal in the water and sediment was studied in this study. The emergent （submerged） plant communities of were consisted of 4 kinds of emergent plants （Monochoria korsakowii, Iris wilsonii, Alis maplantago-aquatica and Sagittaria trifolia） and 4 kinds of submerged plants （Myriophyllum verticillatum, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton malaianus）, respectively. The mixed communities consisted of both the above 2 emergent and 2 submerged plants. Our hypothesis was that mixed communities had a higher removal capacity for total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal in the water than those of either emergent plant community or submerged plant community, and it might be affected by the eutrophic level of the water. The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the plants, sediment and water communities were measured, as well as biomass of plants in plant communities at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The results showed that the growth of Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Monochoria korsakowii and Iris wilsonii in the mixed communities was significantly higher than those in the emergent （submerged） plant communities. Correspondingly, the accumulation rate of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of Hydrilla verticiUata, Monochoria korsakowii and Iris wilsonii in the mixed communities was also significantly higher than those in the emergent （submerged） plant communities. Compared to the emergent （submerged） plant communities, the mixed communities had higher removal rate of total phosphorus in the water, which increased with the worse eutrophic level; however, there was not a higher removal rate of total nitrogen in the water. At the medium and high eutrophic levels of

关 键 词：挺水植物群落 沉水植物群落 挺水植物与沉水植物混合群落 水体富营养化 总氮 总磷 去除 作用 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]