某铀尾矿区及其周边水系中氟的含量特征与成因分析  

Fluorine in a Uranium Tailings Area and Its Surrounding Water Bodies:Pollution Cause and Characteristics

作　　者：姚高扬 高柏[1] 陈井影[1] 汪勇[1] 占凌之 张春艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2016年第4期121-125,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41162007;41362011);江西省自然科学基金(20132BAB203031);国家自然基金青年基金资助(21407023)

摘　　要：矿山开采导致大量的氟元素得到释放,进入水体造成氟污染。选取某铀尾矿库区排放水、尾矿库渗滤水及其周边浅层地下水作为研究对象,研究和分析了该铀尾矿库及其周边水系中氟的含量特征与成因。结果表明:研究区尾矿库排放水、尾矿库渗滤水和浅层地下水中氟的浓度平均值分别为30.93、21.27和1.82 mg/L。尾矿库排放水氟的含量均未达到排放要求;周边浅层地下水氟污染严重,超标率达到85.7%。总体而言,尾矿区及其周边水系中氟的含量较高,整体污染严重。而影响水系中氟的含量除人为因素外,还包括p H值、TDS以及当地气候条件等重要因素;水系中的F^-与HCO_3^-、Ca^(2+)以及其它阴、阳离子都在一定程度上呈现正负相关,表明氟的含量也可能受这些阴、阳离子的影响。A survey was conducted dealing with fluorine elements released into the water bodies in a uranium mining area,during which the uranium tailing reservoir was selected as a target with regard to the reservoir discharge water,tailings leachates and shallow groundwater in the vicinity. Fluorine concentrations of the reservoir water and the surrounding groundwater were sampled and monitored. Results of the survey showed that in the study area fluoride concentrations of the tailings discharge water, tailings leachate and shallow groundwater were 30.93, 21.27 and 1.82 mg/L, respectively,indicating the discharge water in terms of fluoride content failed to meet the allowable limit of the relevant emissions standard,and fluorine content of the shallow groundwater exceeded the limit of the standard by 85.7%. As a whole,in this area fluorine pollution as indicated above was at an unacceptably high level. According to the analysis,high fluorine in the water bodies could attribute to factors such as pH,TDS,and local climatic conditions in addition to the human mining activities;F^- and HCO3^-,Ca^2＋ and other ions presented,in a certain extent,the positive and negative correlations,indicating that fluoride might also be affected by these ions.

关 键 词：铀尾矿库 水系 氟 成因 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]