316国道沿线大气降尘黑碳污染特征及来源分析  

Characterization and Source Apportionment of Black Carbon in Atmospheric Dustfall along National Highway No.316

作　　者：占长林[1] 张家泉[1] 郑敬茹[1] 姚瑞珍[1] 肖文胜[1] 曹军骥[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖北理工学院环境科学与工程学院,矿区环境污染控制与修复湖北省重点实验室,湖北黄石435003 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所,中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室,陕西西安710075 [3]西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2016年第4期154-160,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：矿区环境污染控制与修复湖北省重点实验室开放基金(2013106);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划青年人才项目(Q20134404,Q20144401);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划指导性项目(B2013065);湖北理工学院优秀青年科技创新团队资助计划项目(13xtz07)

摘　　要：采用热光反射法对316国道沿线大气降尘中黑碳的含量进行了测定,研究降尘黑碳的污染水平和空间变化特征。同时,结合黑碳/有机碳(BC/OC)和焦炭/烟炱(char/soot)比值法来解析降尘黑碳的可能来源。结果表明:不同公路段降尘中黑碳含量水平存在较大的差异,其变化范围为5.16～35.22 mg/g,平均值为11.46 mg/g,总体污染较为严重。黑碳、焦炭和烟炱含量的高值一般出现在钢铁厂或冶炼厂附近,可能受工业燃煤排放的影响较大。降尘中BC/OC比值的变化范围为0.23～0.63,平均值为0.44,反映了不同地区有机碳来源的不同以及黑碳来源的复杂性。char/soot比值变化较大,平均值为0.90,说明降尘中烟炱组分在黑碳含量中所占比例要稍高于焦炭,也反映出公路沿线机动车排放对降尘黑碳的重要贡献。不同碳组分(有机碳、黑碳、焦炭和烟炱)之间都存在较好的相关性,指示了其来源的相似性。316国道沿线公路段大气降尘中黑碳的主要来源是机动车排放,局部地区(如工矿企业周边)受工业排放的影响较大,还有部分采样点可能受居民燃煤和生物质燃烧排放的影响。Content of black carbon（BC）in the atmospheric dustfall along National Highway No.316 was measured using the thermal-optical reflectance（TOR） method and the spatial variation and possible sources of BC were studied. BC in dustfall was widely variable,from 5.16 to 35.22 mg/g,with a mean value of 11.46 mg/g. The high concentrations of BC,char,and soot were mostly detected nearby iron-steel plants and smelteries,the coal-burning industry. The ratio of BC to OC（organic carbon） varied widely and the average value was 0.44,indicating the complicacy and differences of OC and BC sources,while the range of char/soot ratio varied a lot,with an average of 0.90,reflecting the proportion of soot fraction in the BC concentration was slightly higher than char,and also indicating the important contribution of vehicle emissions to dustfall BC.It was found that fairly good correlations existed among the different components of carbon fractions,implying similarity of their sources. In conclusion,BC in the atmospheric dustfall along National Highway No.316 mainly comes from traffic emissions,and some areas close to the iron-steel plants and/or smelteries are mostly affected by industrial emissions. In addition,in some road section adjacent to farmlands,emissions from biomass burning could also contribute to BC in dustfall.

关 键 词：大气降尘 黑碳 焦炭 烟炱 来源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]