磷石膏废渣对小麦生长及麦田N_2O排放影响与经济环境效益分析  

Impact of Phosphogypsum Wastes on the Wheat Growth and N_2O Emissions and Assessment of Economic-Environmental Benefit

作　　者：李季[1] 吴洪生[1] 高志球[1] 尚小厦 任迁琪 印进 郑培慧 Ogou Katchele Faustin Kakpa Didier 徐亚[1] 陈素云[1] 邹建文[2] 张令[2] 张要军 王从[2] 王晓飞[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学农业资源与环境系,江苏南京210044 [2]南京农业大学资源环境学院,江苏省农业温室气体重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2016年第4期174-181,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：江苏省六大人才高峰资助计划项目(2009241);江苏省大学生实践创新计划项目(201310300065)

摘　　要：磷化工业产生的大量废渣磷石膏污染环境、占用土地,尚未得到很好的治理和利用。文章研究磷石膏废渣资源化利用,探索其对小麦田氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放以及小麦生长以及产量的影响。结果表明:施用不同量的磷石膏废渣对小麦生长、产量以及麦田N_2O的排放量的影响有所不同。施用磷石膏2 100 kg/hm^2对小麦千粒重以及产量等都有显著影响,可增产达48.11%。同时在整个小麦生长季,与单施有机肥处理相比,施用磷石膏废渣2 100 kg/hm^2可减少麦田N_2O排放量达30.14%,且减排作用具有持续性,在小麦的拔节期、抽穗期以及灌浆期的减排效果尤为显著。与之相比施用磷石膏1050 kg/hm^2的各项效果都比较微弱。研究还表明施用45%复合肥900 kg/hm^2虽然也促进小麦生长,增加小麦产量,但在整个生长季会显著增加N_2O的排放54.70%。在施用磷石膏条件下,小麦的鲜重和产量与麦田N_2O排放呈现显著负相关,与麦田N_2O排放强度呈现显著正相关,即磷石膏在显著促进小麦生长的同时可以显著降低麦田N_2O的排放。以碳交易背景为基础,分析磷石膏减排剂的田经济环境效益,结果表明,施用磷石膏废渣2 100 kg/hm^2,麦田的收入与产出比由1∶9.93提高到1∶17.82,产出增加约79.46%,同时还能够累计减少N_2O的排放达161.71 kg/hm^2。每吨磷石膏废渣可以减少N_2O排放76.48 kg,折合减少CO_2排放22 944 kg,环境收益达到1 140.55元。磷石膏作为减排剂施用,不仅可以减少环境污染,还能促进小麦生长,减少N_2O排放,对发展生态农业并缓解温室效应具有重要的应用价值。Phosphogypsum is a phosphorus chemical waste which has not been managed and reused well,resultantly,causing environmental pollution and land-occupation. The impact of different amounts of phosphogypsum wastes on winter wheat growth and yield,as well as N2O emissions from the wheat field was investigated. The results showed that differed effects of phosphogypsum wastes on the growth,yield of winter wheat and N2O emissions from wheat fields were found. The yield was significantly affected at the treatment of phosphogypsum 2 100 kg/hm^2,increased by 48.11% respectively.Compared with the treatment of 45% fertilizer 900 kg/hm^2,throughout the wheat growing season,N2O emission wasaccumulatively reduced by 30.14% for the treatment of phosphogypsum waste 2 100 kg/hm^2 continuously. Significantly N2O emission reduction was observed during the jointing stage,heading date and filling period of wheat. In contrast,a little reduction effects of treatment of phosphogypsum wastes of 1050 kg/hm^2 was found with the cumulative reduction N2O.Compound fertilizer of 45% fertilizer 900 kg/hm^2 was also indicated a significant increase in the growth of wheat. It,however,also significantly increased emissions of N2O at the same time by the increase of 54.70%. In the case of application of phosphogypsum waste residue,the fresh weight and yield showed a significant negative correlation with the emissions of N2O as well as a significant positive correlation with the emission intensity of N2O. Phosphogypsum can significantly promote the growth of wheat at the same time can significantly reduce N2O emissions. As to the carbon trading,the economic and environment benefit of phosphogypsum were analyzed. In the treatment of phosphogypsum waste of 2 100 kg/hm^2,the ratio of input to output change from 1∶9.93 to 1∶17.82,which in the same situation of investment the output can be increased by79.46%;the N2O emissions can be reduced accumulated up to 161.71 kg/hm^2. N2O emissions can be reduced by 76.48 kg with per ton of phosphogypsum waste,equ

关 键 词：小麦田 磷石膏 促进生长 N2O减排 经济环境效益 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q948[生物学—植物学]