美国国家公园的解说与教育服务研究——以西奥多·罗斯福国家公园为例  

Interpretation and Education in the U.S. National Park:A Case Study of the Theodore Roosevelt National Park

作　　者：王辉[1,2] 张佳琛[3] 刘小宇[3] 王亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,辽宁大连116029 [2]辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心,辽宁大连116029 [3]辽宁师范大学历史文化旅游学院,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2016年第5期119-126,共8页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"海岛与腹地城市的陆岛旅游一体化测度与实证研究--以大连市及周边海岛为例"(41301160);国家旅游局青年旅游专家资助项目"美国国家公园管理研究及对我国的启示"(TYETP201412);教育部人文社科重点研究基地项目"旅游型海岛环境承载力测度与提升途径研究--以大连市长海县为例"(15JJD790038);大连市科协资助赴国(境)外参加科技交流活动的项目"美国沿海城市陆岛旅游一体化的案例研究"(803202)资助~~

摘　　要：解说与教育服务是美国国家公园与游客之间的重要联系方式,是美国国家公园管理内容的重要组成部分。伴随美国国家公园的成长和发展,解说与教育服务也日臻完善。文章通过大量资料和中外相关文献的梳理,对美国国家公园解说与教育服务的意义、内容做了进一步剖析和阐述;将其发展历程分为4个阶段:萌芽阶段、实施阶段、建设阶段和完善阶段。以西奥多·罗斯福国家公园的具体解说与教育项目为例,透视出美国国家公园解说与教育服务的坚强后盾:专业的规划机构、严格的人员要求、健全的解说与教育项目和公园各种系列的定期评估。纵观美国国家公园解说与教育服务的成功发展,其专业的规划机构和国家公园管理局的支持缺一不可。在我国推行国家公园体制建设之际,解读美国国家公园的解说与教育服务,其诸多方面可为我国国家公园体制的建立与推行提供启示。Interpretive and educational programs are important methods of communication between U.S. National Parks and their visitors. Interpretation and education are vital to the management policies of U.S. National Parks. With the growth and development of U.S. National Parks, interpretation and education are improving. By analyzing a large amount of information about interpretation and education within U.S. National Parks, we reached conclusions about their content and significance. The interpretation and education service in U.S. National Parks is based on the educational function,providing a profound and meaningful learning and entertainment experience for visitors. Most content is aimed at encouraging the public to protect the resources of U.S. National Parks. The service＇s main contents include the planning agencies of interpretation and education, the contents and manner of interpretation and education service. Based on a summary of the relevant literature, we tried to divide its development process into 4 stages, in accordance with the measurements for the implementation of interpretation and education services within U.S. National Parks. The stages were classified as follows：the rising stage the implementation stage, the construction stage and the stage of perfection. In addition to this, the case of the Theodore Roosevelt National Park was analyzed. This involved the analysis of the interpretation and education at the visitor center and the interpretation and education of other locations and educational programs in the Theodore Roosevelt National Park. The visitor center provides film, exhibition, visitor services, books for sale and online consultation. There are other locations where visitors can visit but are not offered interpretation and education services by staff.These primary non-personal services contain exhibits, wayside exhibits, signs and notices, prints, video,website and digital media. Furthermore, most educational programs that the Theodore Roosevelt National Park offers are aimed at youngste

关 键 词：解说与教育 西奥多·罗斯福 美国国家公园 

分 类 号：F597.12[经济管理—旅游管理]