动物园游客观赏行为及其影响因素——以北京动物园为例  

Wildlife Viewing Behaviour of Zoo Visitors and Impact Factors:A Case of Beijing Zoo

作　　者：程鲲[1] 张楚翘 邹红菲[1] 王进军[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]哈尔滨北方森林动物园,哈尔滨150322

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2016年第2期138-142,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询研究项目;国家自然科学基金专项基金项目(L1322010)

摘　　要：动物园是展出各种野生动物供人们观赏的机构,随着游客对动物园观赏需求的日益增长,其观赏行为研究对增强游览体验和保护教育效果具有重要意义。在北京动物园大象馆、犀牛河马馆、狮虎山、熊山和猴山分别调查了游客参观亚洲象、河马、东北虎、棕熊和猕猴展区时的行为频次和观赏时间,用多元回归方法分析了影响游客观赏时间的因素。结果显示游客在观赏时的主要行为有交谈、拍照、阅读说明牌、投喂食物、召唤动物等。猕猴展区的观赏时间最长(233±17 s),其次是棕熊展区(126±10 s)。影响游客观赏的因素主要有:动物数量(t=7.31,P<0.01)、行为活跃程度(t=7.03,P<0.01)、视觉障碍(t=-2.74,P<0.01)、温度(t=-4.58,P<0.01)、团体人数(t=-1.99,P<0.05)等。动物园应注重游客行为管理,加强环境丰容措施,以促进动物的自然行为表达和良好的游客观赏体验。Zoos exhibit wildlife to public visitors.With the increasing demand of visitors to watch wildlife in zoos,research on visitors＇ watching behaviour is important to improve their visiting experience and conservation education.The behaviour frequency and watching time of zoo visitors were investigated at Asian elephant（Etephas maximus）,hippopotamus（Hippopotamus amphibius）,Siberian tiger（Panthera tigris altaica）,brown bear（Ursus arctos） and macaque（Macaca mulatta） exhibits in Beijing Zoo.We used multiple regression to analyze factors of the animals,the exhibits and their immediate environments in terms of their impacts on viewing time.Visitor behaviours included talking,photographing,reading signs,feeding,and calling animals.The viewing time at the macaque exhibit was the longest（233 ± 17s）,and viewing time at the bear exhibit was second longest（126±10s）.The significant factors impacting viewing were animal numbers（t=7.31,P〈0.01）,animal activity（t=7.03,P〈0.01）,visual obstacles（t=-2.74,P〈0.01）,temperature（t =- 4.58,P〈0.01） and group numbers of visitors（t =-1.99,P〈0.05）.Zoos should pay attention to visitor management and improve environment enrichment to improve natural behaviour of animals and positive experiences of visitors.

关 键 词：游客行为 北京动物园 观赏时间 影响因素 环境丰容 

分 类 号：Q95-339[生物学—动物学]