全株玉米青贮收获时期和留茬高度研究  

Study on Harvesting Time and Stubble Height in the Harvesting Process of Whole-plant Corn Silage

作　　者：王丽学[1,2] 霍文娟[1,2] 刘景喜[1,2] 潘振亮[1,2] 陈龙宾[1,2] 韩静[1,2] 冯婧[1,2] 孟繁瑞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市畜牧兽医研究所,天津300381 [2]天津市畜禽健康养殖技术工程中心,天津300381

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2016年第5期609-613,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(13ZCZDNC00800)

摘　　要：适时合理收获是进行全株玉米青贮的重要环节之一。结合天津地区全株玉米的收获现状,在奶牛场收获全株玉米过程中采用裂区试验设计,对不同收获时期和留茬高度下青贮前玉米进行产量测定和营养成分分析。结果表明,随着收获期延长,全株玉米在74,78 d的鲜物质量趋于稳定,显著高于70 d,干物质量、干物质含量及干物质中淀粉、NDF和ADF含量显著增加,粗蛋白含量显著降低;随着留茬高度增加,全株玉米干物质量下降但差异不显著,鲜物质量和干物质中NDF,ADF含量显著降低,干物质含量及干物质中粗蛋白和淀粉含量显著增加。根据总隶属函数比较,最终确定以24 cm留茬高度为佳,但收获期应适当延长至乳熟末期或蜡熟期。Harvesting in the optimal time is one of the important processes in the whole-plant corn silage. Considered the current situation of whole-plant corn harvesting in Tianjin, the study designed an experiment including different harvesting times（70, 74, 78 d）and different stubble heights（12, 24, 36, 48 cm）. In the experiment, the whole-plant corn yield was measured,and the dry matter, crude protein, starch, ADF and NDF content were analyzed. The results showed that with the extension harvesting time, the fresh yield of whole-plant corn increased and then remained at a stable level at 74, 78 d, dry yield, dry matter content and the starch, NDF and ADF content increased significantly, while crude protein content decreased significantly. With the increased stubble height, the dry yield of whole-plant corn decreased, but the difference did not reach the significant level, fresh yield, NDF and ADF content reduced significantly, while dry matter, crude protein and starch content increased significantly. According to the total subordinate function comparison, finally confirmed that 24 cm stubble height was better, but the harvesting time should be appropriately extended to the end of milk ripeness or ripening period.

关 键 词：全株玉米青贮 收获时期 留茬高度 天津 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]