晋北县域“大配方、小调整”春玉米专用肥田间效果研究  

Study on Effect of Special Compound Fertilizer for Spring Maize in Northern Shanxi Province Based on "Regional Major Formula and Site Special Adjustment"

作　　者：郭军玲[1] 郭彩霞[1] 王永亮[1] 张强[1] 杨治平[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2016年第5期620-624,652,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院科技攻关项目(2013GG48);山西省农业科学院博士研究基金项目(YBSJJ1309,YBSJJ1310)

摘　　要：基于筛选出的晋北应县基肥大配方(总养分设计为45%,N-P2O5-K2O配比为17-19-9),引入"大配方、小调整"施肥技术思路,在研究区内开展田间肥效验证试验。结果表明,不同施肥处理直接影响春玉米的生长发育,与农户习惯处理相比,大配方处理和小调整处理具有较高的株高、叶面积指数和干物质积累量;大配方处理、小调整处理比农户习惯处理分别显著增产9.13%,9.96%,较高的百粒质量、穗粒数、穗长及收获指数,较低的秃尖长度是其增产的主要原因;大配方处理、小调整处理获得较好的经济效益,比农户习惯处理分别增收2 335,2 601元/hm2,且氮肥利用效率均明显提高,实现了节本增产增效的目的。而大配方处理、小调整处理之间差异很小,由此证明,区域大配方是春玉米获得高产高效的有效措施,也是测土配方施肥技术区域推广的有效途径。Based on previous study, according to ＂Regional Major Formula and Site Special Adjustment＂ fertilization technology,the paper studied about the effect of regional special compound fertilizers for spring maize in Yingxian county, which total nutrient was45% and the formula was 17-19-9（N-P2O5-K2O）. The results of field experiments showed that different fertilizer treatments affected the growth and development of spring maize directly, ＂Regional Major Formula＂ treatment（MP）and ＂Site Special Adjustment＂ treatment（AP）had higher plant height, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation than farmers practice treatment（FP）. MP and AP also increased 100-seed weight, grain number per spike of maize, ear length and harvest index, while reduced barren ear tip length. These factors contributed to maize yield increased 9.13% and 9.96%. In addition, compared with FP, MP and AP also increased income 2 335,2 601 yuan/hm2, respectively. Meanwhile, MP and AP significantly improved nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen absorption efficiency,agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity. All in all, MP treatment could reduce cost,increase yield and raise fertilizer efficiency,which could used as a effective measures for regional spring management.

关 键 词：春玉米 应县 专用配方肥 产量 氮肥效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]