添加糖蜜对虾蟹混养系统水体细菌群落结构的影响  

Effect of Molasses Addition on Microbial Community Structure in the Polyculture System of Portunus trituberculatus and Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：李杰[1] 田相利[1] 董双林[1] 高明亮[1] 张凯[1] 奉杰 班文波 张庆起 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]连云港市赣榆区海洋渔业技术指导站,江苏连云港222100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第5期38-49,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009)资助~~

摘　　要：为探讨养殖水体中细菌群落结构与不同环境因子的关系。本文通过添加糖蜜将外源添加物的(饵料和糖蜜)C/N调整为10、15、20和25四个不同水平(分别为C1、C2、C3和C4组),以投喂基础饲料作为对照组(C0)。利用PCRDGGE技术和冗余分析方法(RDA),分析了添加糖蜜对虾蟹混养系统水体中细菌群落结构的影响。研究表明:虾蟹混养池塘水体中细菌菌群主要由放线菌纲、蓝藻纲、α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、ε-变形菌纲、拟杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲组成。C1、C2、C3和C4四个处理组的细菌群落结构相似,与C0组差异显著。各处理组的优势菌群相似,其相对含量存在一定差异,放线菌纲在整个养殖过程中占据优势地位。与对照组相比,实验组细菌群落的多样性随养殖时间的延长明显增加,于8月检测到γ-变形菌纲,于9月检测到ε-变形菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲。各处理组相比较,Pielou均匀度指数变化不明显,Shannon-Winener指数随C/N水平的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,在养殖后期,C2处理组的Shannon-Winener指数明显高于其它处理组,C4处理组最低。RDA分析表明,虾蟹混养系统水体中菌群结构的变化是多种环境因子综合作用的结果。影响细菌群落多样性的主要环境因子的重要性在7月为TOC>TN>NO_3^--N>TP>PO_4^-P>NH_4^+-N,在8月为TP>NH_4^+-N>NO_2^--N>PO_4^-P,在9月为NO_2^--N>NO_3^--N>PO_4^-P>NH_4^+-N>pH>TN>TOC。综合水质指标、菌群结构和多样性分析结果表明:调控外源添加物C/N为15时,水体细菌群落多样性高、组成差异小、结构稳定,有利于虾蟹混养系统的水质条件优化。Bacteria are producers and decomposers of the microbial ecosystem,playing a very important role there in the material circulation,energy flow,environmental improvement and prevention of diseases,and being closely related to the diseases outbreaking frequently among the farming and breeding animals.Accordingly,it is very significant to study microbial community composition,structure and function.In the present study,the PCR-DGGE（denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis）technology,redundancy analysis（RDA）and the diversity index were employed to characterize the bacterial community structure in the polyculture system of Portunus tritiberculatus and Litopenaeus vannamei to investigate the effect of abiotic factors.In terms of microbiology,the regulation of C/N could be a useful mean of improving aquatic environments;it can promote the growth of P.trituberculatus and L.vannamei in the polyculture system.The group treated with basic feed was used as control（C0）.Four other C/N levels（i.e.10,15,20 and 25）were set in this experiment by adding molasses into artificial feed,and the four treatments were represented by C1,C2,C3 and C4group,respectively.Results from this study demonstrated that the major bacteria included Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria,Proteobacteria（α,β,γ,δandε）,Bacteroidetes and Bacillibacteriain seawater of this polyculture system.In this study,the results had significant difference from those of other researches,which may be cause by the different culture of species,breeding patterns,type of aquaculture water and the addition of carbon and feed.Change in community structure of bacteria in water is related to the content and proportion of C and N.A similar bacterial community structure was obtained between treatments of C1,C2,C3 and C4,all being significantly different from C0 group.All treatments had a similar dominant bacterial community and Actinobacteriadominated all aquaculture experiment,while there was a significant difference between treatments in the relative amount of dominan

关 键 词：虾蟹混养 水体 环境因子 PCR-DGGE C/N 冗余分析 细菌群落 多样性指数 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]