轿车-载货汽车追尾事故中轿车驾驶员损伤严重性影响因素研究  

Study on Influencing Factors of Car Driver Injury Severity in Car-truck Rear End Collision

作　　者：李浩[1] 张金换[1] 刘晨[1] 周勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点试验室,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车技术》2016年第5期57-62,共6页Automobile Technology

摘　　要：针对我国高速公路上频发的轿车-载货汽车追尾情况进行了仿真分析,明确了追尾事故中不同因素对轿车驾驶员损伤的影响程度。根据国家车辆事故深度调查系统数据库(NAIS)内事故汽车质量统计数据,从美国国家车辆碰撞和分析中心(NCAC)数据库中选择了合适质量的轿车与载货汽车模型并对模型的有效性进行了验证。采用正交分析法,分别对两车相对速度、碰撞重叠度、载货汽车后侧防护装置材料强度和离地高度等4个因素对轿车乘员舱侵入量和乘员头部、颈部、胸部、大腿力和小腿伤害的影响程度进行了分析。结果表明,车速和偏置度对乘员舱侵入量影响较大,两车相对车速、载货汽车后侧防护装置材料及高度对人体头部和颈部伤害影响较大。In this research, car-truck rear end collisions which occur frequently on China highways are simulated and analyzed, and the influencing degree of different factors on car drivers＇ injury in rear-end collision is determined.According to the accident vehicle mass statistic data from National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System（NAIS）, car truck model with suitable mass are selected from National Crash Analysis Center（NCAC）, and effectiveness of these models are verified. An orthogonal test is conducted to analyze the influence of relative speed, overlap ratio,material strength and height of the rear end protection device of the truck on the intrusion of passenger compartment and driver injury parameters, such as the head, neck injury, thorax injury, under leg and shank injury. The results show that the vehicle speed and overlap ratio affect greatly passenger compartment intrusion. Relative speed and the material strength of protection device of the truck play a greater role affecting the injury severity of the driver＇s head and neck.

关 键 词：轿车-载货汽车 追尾事故 驾驶员损伤 仿真 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]