钱穆与中国政治制度史研究——以“传统政治非专制论”为考察中心  

Qian Mu and His Research on the History of Chinese Political System:Centering on “Non- Autarchy View of Traditional Chinese Politics”

作　　者：陈勇[1] 孟田[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期127-140,共14页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目"钱穆与20世纪中国史学"(12YJA770008);上海大学"高原学科"中国史资助项目(2015)

摘　　要：钱穆对中国传统政治的研究见解独到,得出了自秦以来中国传统政治并非专制的结论。此一观点在学界颇多质疑和批评。其实,在研究钱穆对中国传统政治的看法时,应注意这样一些问题:钱穆的"非专制论"是在什么背景下提出来的?主要是针对近现代哪一派思想主张而言的?面对各方面的批评、责难,他为何一以贯之地坚持而不变初衷?依据儒家理念建立起来的科举制、台谏制、封驳制、铨选制是助长了君权,还是限制了君权?中国传统政治是否仅可用"专制黑暗"一语来加以概括?这种观点是否有简单化、片面化之嫌?钱穆对中国传统政治的研究是否有合理的因素?如果有,怎样去发掘、整合,作出合理的解释?他对传统政治理解的失误又在何处?怎样去加以分析?在此基础上,才能对钱穆的研究所包含的合理因素及其失误作出客观的叙述和评说。钱氏的这一观点既可以引发学界反思常论,对中国传统政治做进一步的思考,也可为今后研究这一问题提供一个新的视角和思路,将中国传统政治这一课题的研究引向深入。Based on his research into traditional Chinese politics,Qian Mu developed a distinctive view and came to the conclusion that traditional Chinese politics since the Qing Dynasty was not autarchical. This view incurred much questioning and criticism. When researching into Qian＇s view of traditional Chinese politics,we should at least heed to the following questions： Under what background did Qian put forward the＂Non- Autarchy＂？ Which school of thought was he arguing against？ What made him firm and consistent despite all the criticism and accusations？ Did such political systems established upon Confucianism as the Imperial Examination System,the Impeachment and Expostulation System,the Rejection System and the Quan Electoral System put a premium or restriction on the monarchy？ Does the phrase＂autarchical darkness＂suffice to summarize traditional Chinese politics？ Is such understanding running the risk of being simplified or one- sided？ Are there desirable points in Qian＇s research into traditional Chinese politics？ If the answer is＂yes＂,how to extract and sort out the essence of Qian＇s research and make proper explanations？ What mistakes did Qian make？ And how to analyze his mistakes？ Without answering these questions,it is groundless to make objective narrations or comments on the merits and demerits of Qian＇s research on traditional Chinese politics. Qian＇s non- autarchy view deserves more reflection and discussion among academic circles about traditional Chinese politics,and also offers a new perspective and line of thought in the research of traditional Chinese politics and may stimulate an in- depth research into the topic.

关 键 词：钱穆 传统政治 专制 历史意见 

分 类 号：K03[历史地理—历史学]