登陆台风内降水效率变化对降水增幅影响的分析  

THE EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY ON RAINFALL AMPLIFICATION DURING TYPHOON'S LANDING PROCESS

作　　者：刘继晨[1,2] 钟玮[1] 刘爽[1] 陆汉城[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军理工大学气象海洋学院 [2]中国人民解放军75822部队

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2016年第2期193-206,共14页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41275002;41175054);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230421)共同资助

摘　　要：在应用高分辨率数值模式WRF(Weather Research&Forecasting model)对台风"海葵"(加12)发展演变成功模拟的基础上,研究登陆台风内降水效率变化对降水增幅的影响。通过物理场配置、水成物的分布和收支演变的诊断分析表明:在台风登陆后内部次级环流减弱,环境场水汽供应稳定并有所减少的条件下,台风内六种水成物粒子(水汽、云水、云冰、雪、雨和霰)在跟墙和螺旋雨带区域发生配置变化,对于提高台风系统降水效率,维持整体降水强度具有重要作用。将六种水成物按照水汽、云和降水的属性分为三类,分别进行收支诊断分析,发现不同水成物的分布与转化过程对于台风登陆后的降水效率变化具有重要影响,冰相粒子的减少、云体的消耗、以及霰粒子的转化,使得台风内部产生了空间范围更加集中、大值中心更贴近地面的降落型水成物,是台风登陆后降水维持和增幅的直接原因。因而,分析水成物的分布与转化过程对降水效率的影响,对于台风登陆后降水维持或增幅的预报具有重要参考价值。Based on a successful simulation of Typhoon Haikui （2012） by WRF with WSM6 microphysics scheme, high-resolution model output is applied in this study. For the cause of the average grid rainfall＇s maintenance and increasing after Haikui＇s landfall, this research examines the physical terms＇ fields, vapor and condensate distribution and budgets, including their respective changes during the landing process. After landfall, environmental vapor supply has no significant difference compared to that before landfall. Although Haikui＇s secondary circulation weakens and is not conducive to typhoon rainfall＇s maintenance and increasing, the content of six kinds of water substance （ vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, snow, rain, graupel） is growing in the outer region of Haikui. This re-allocation process of water substance is essential to the maintenance of rainfall. Six kinds of water substance are assorted to vapor, cloud （ cloud water and ice） and precipitation （ snow, rain, and graupel） to diagnose their budgets. It reveals that the budgets of different kinds of water substance cause the reduction of mixing ratios of snow and water ice, consumption of cloud and transformation of graupel, and induce more concentrated precipitation fallout, which is closer to the ground after landfall. And that is the efficient cause for the maintenance of Haikui＇s rainfall after its landfall. Thus, the allocation and budgets analysis of water substance is meaningful to the forecasting of the typhoon rainfall＇s maintenance and increasing after landfall.

关 键 词：天气学 台风降水 WRF模式 降水效率 水成物配置 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]