油菜毯状苗移栽机拨苗装置的设计与试验  

Seedling Dialing out Device on Transplanting Machine for Blanket Rapeseed

作　　者：何少明[1] 孙松林[1,2] 肖名涛 周惠根 曹林 邹楠 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学工学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省现代农业机械装备工程技术研究中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第14期187-193,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖南省科技重点研发计划项目"南方丘陵山区稻油机械化生产关键技术研究与产业化"(2015NK2006)

摘　　要：针对2ZY-4型油菜移栽机人工投苗效率低、劳动强度大等问题,设计了一种油菜毯状苗自动拨苗装置,分析了影响油菜毯状苗拨苗伤苗率和漏拨率的主要因素,对拨苗角度、转速和基质含水率等影响因素进行了单因素和多因素正交回归试验。因素试验结果表明,当拨苗角度为55°~65°,转速为50~60 r/min,基质含水率为26.38%~28.56%时,拨苗装置能够满足农艺要求。多因素正交回归试验结果表明,影响伤苗率的因素大小依次为拨苗角度、转速、基质含水率;影响漏拨率的因素大小依次为拨苗角度、基质含水率、转速;当拨苗角度为64.05°、基质含水率为26.66%、转速为52.62 r/min时,伤苗率为5.49%,漏拨率为11.38%。因此,该试验表明,该拨苗装置能够满足农艺要求,并为后期设计一种4行全自动油菜毯状苗移栽机提供基础。Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high labor intensity of 2ZY-4 type rape transplantingmachine, an automatic seedling dialing out device for blanket rapeseed is designed. The single factor andmulti-factor orthogonal experiments are carried out on the basic factors including the seedling angle, watercontent of substrate and rotational speed, to study their influence on injury seedling rate and failure rate. Theresults of single factor experiment showed that the device could meet the agricultural requirements when theseedling angle was 55°-65°, the rotational speed was 50-60 r/min, and the water content of substrate was26.38%-28.56%. The results of multi-factor orthogonal experiment showed that the seedling angle had thebiggest influence on the injury seedling rate, followed by the rotational speed and the water content ofsubstrate. And the seedling angle had the biggest influence on the failure rate, followed by the water content ofsubstrate and the rotational speed. When the seedling angle was 64.05°, the rotational speed was 52.62 r/minand the water content of substrate was 26.66%, the injury seedling rate was 5.49% and the failure rate was11.38%. Therefore, the test shows that the device can meet the agricultural requirements and provide apractical basis for designing a kind of 4-row full-automatic transplanting machine of blanket rapeseed.

关 键 词：拨苗装置 油菜毯状苗 伤苗率 漏拨率 

分 类 号：TP391.40[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]