滴灌带间距和灌水定额对春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of Drip Tape Distance and Irrigation Amount on Spring Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency

作　　者：赵妍[1] 王凤新[1] 周奇[1] 杨开静[1] 张友良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第14期194-199,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研项目"小麦;玉米滴灌条件下需水需肥规律及高产高效栽培技术研究与示范"(201203012-3);农业部公益性行业科研项目"河西走廊玉米;小麦田间节水节肥节药综合技术方案"(201503125)

摘　　要：为了探究春小麦合适的滴灌灌水定额和滴灌带间距组合,2015年3—7月进行了春小麦大田试验,研究3种滴灌带间距(D1:60 cm、D2:90 cm、D3:120 cm)和3种灌水定额(I1:35 mm、I2:45 mm、I3:55 mm)对西北旱区春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:产量最高的处理为D1I2达到8964 kg/hm^2。当滴灌带间距为60 cm和90 cm时,灌水定额从35 mm增加至45 mm时产量显著增加,灌水定额达到55 mm时产量分别下降9.5%和2.2%。灌水定额为35 mm和45 mm时,滴灌带间距60 cm的处理产量显著高于滴灌带间距120 cm的处理;灌水定额增加到55 mm时,3个滴灌带间距处理产量无显著差异。水分利用效率在1.57~2.11 kg/m^3间变化,最高的为D2I2处理。综合考虑产量、灌水量、水分利用效率和滴灌带投入,D2I2处理是该地区最优的滴灌带间距和灌水定额组合。A field experiment of spring wheat was conducted from March to July in 2015 to find out theoptimum irrigation amount and drip tape distance, the effect of three drip tape distances（D1： 60 cm, D2： 90 cmand D3： 120 cm） and three irrigation amount（I1： 35 mm, I2： 45 mm and I3： 55 mm） on spring wheat yield andwater use efficiency were studied. The results showed that D1I2 treatment had the highest yield of8964 kg/hm2. When the drip tape distance was 60 cm or 90 cm, the yield increased significantly when theirrigation amount increased from 35 to 45 mm, while the yield decreased by 9.5% and 2.2% when the irrigationamount was 55 mm. When the irrigation amount was 35 or 45 mm, the yield of D1 treatment was significantlyhigher than that of D3 treatment; but when the irrigation amount increased to 55 mm, the yield of the three driptape distance treatments had no obvious difference. Water use efficiency ranged from 1.57 to 2.11 kg/m3 andthe highest one appeared in D2I2 treatment. Taking yield, irrigation amount, water use efficiency and input ofdrip tapes into consideration, treatment D2I2 was recommended as the best combination of drip tape distanceand irrigation amount in this area.

关 键 词：春小麦 滴灌带间距 灌水定额 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]