长期施钾和秸秆还田对水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Long-term Application of Potassium Fertilizer and Straw Returning on Rice Yield

作　　者：叶青[1] 曹国军[1] 耿玉辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院/吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118

出　　处：《中国稻米》2016年第3期34-38,42,共6页China Rice

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2012BAD15B05-03);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07201011);吉林省科技引导计划(20150412004XH)

摘　　要：以不同钾肥施用量为主处理、秸秆还田为副处理,在田间试验条件下,研究了水稻的钾素需求规律以及秸秆还田对水稻生长及产量的影响。研究结果表明,水稻产量随施钾量的增加呈先上升后下降趋势,钾肥主要是通过影响水稻有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率进而影响水稻产量。施钾量为90 kg/hm^2和135 kg/hm^2时,产量分别比对照增加7.3%和11.5%,且此时钾肥利用效率高;施钾量为225 kg/hm^2时,水稻在生育期内对钾有明显奢侈吸收现象,产量比对照增产7.6%。由此可见,苏北贫钾地区适宜的施钾量为90~135 kg/hm^2。小麦秸秆还田对水稻前期生长会产生不利影响,但随秸秆的发酵分解,对水稻的营养生长、生殖生长都有一定促进作用。A field experiment was conducted to clarify the potassium demand regularity of rice as well as the influence of wheat straw application to rice, different potassium fertilizer application content were settled as main treatment and wheat straw application was deputy treatment. The results indicated that： 1）The yield of rice increased and then decreased with the increase of potassium application amount, potassium fertilizer affect the yield of rice mainly through the effective panicles, grains per panicle and seed setting rate.The treatment of 225 kg/hm^2 potassium fertilization showed significantly luxury absorption of potassium during the growth period and had no significant effect on rice yield which increased by 7.6%. Thus, the recommended fertilization quantity is 90~135 kg/hm^2, with yield increased by 7.3% and 11.5%, respectively. 2）Wheat straw application had adverse effect on the early stage of rice growth, but as the fermentation and decomposition of straw, wheat straw application is helpful to the vegetative and reproductive growth of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 钾肥 秸秆还田 产量 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]