干旱胁迫对小麦营养器官物质转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响  

Effect of Drought Stress on Material Transport and Grain-Filling Characteristics of Wheat Vegetative Organs

作　　者：宋霄君 张敏[1] 李秉昌 赵城[1] 刘希伟[1] 贾晓沛[1] 王琨[1] 蔡瑞国[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院生命科技学院,河北昌黎066600 [2]秦皇岛市农业技术推广总站,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第15期25-31,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：小麦胚乳淀粉精细结构与理化特性的关系机制及其调节研究;国家科技支撑计划项目"玉田县小麦玉米大面积丰产高效技术集成与示范"(2011BAD16B08S10);秦皇岛市科技支撑计划项目"小麦抗寒性指标体系与新品种筛选研究"(201401A064)

摘　　要：为进一步明确干旱胁迫对小麦营养器官物质转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响。在大田条件下,以‘冀麦585’、‘河农825’、‘农大211’和‘京冬8’为试验材料,设置灌溉和旱作2个处理,研究了干旱胁迫条件下小麦营养器官干物质的积累、转运和籽粒灌浆的特点。结果表明,与灌溉栽培相比,干旱胁迫下成熟期小麦个体营养器官干物质量增大,而经济系数和籽粒产量均显著下降。同时干旱胁迫提高了‘京冬8’各营养器官干物质向籽粒的转运量,抑制了‘冀麦585’、‘河农825’和‘农大211’各营养器官干物质向籽粒的转运。干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒灌浆的影响存在基因型差异。在旱作栽培条件下,‘河农825’、‘冀麦585’和‘农大211’的最大灌浆速率与灌溉栽培相比显著增大,而‘京冬8’的最大灌浆速率显著降低。干旱胁迫对‘河农825’和‘农大211’渐增持续期、快增持续期和缓增持续期的天数变化影响不大,却缩短了‘冀麦585’渐增持续期和快增持续期的天数,延长了‘京冬8’缓增持续期天数,推迟了灌浆高峰期的来临。The objective is to further clarify the effect of drought stress on the material transport of wheatvegetative organs and grain-filling characteristics.Under field condition,we took four wheat cultivars‘Jimai585＇,‘Henong 825＇,‘Nongda 211＇and‘Jingdong 8＇as the experimental materials,and set up twotreatments：irrigation and rain-fed.The dry matter accumulation and transfer of wheat vegetative organs andgrain-filling characteristics under drought stress condition were studied.The results showed that comparedwith irrigation cultivation,the dry matter weight of single stem vegetative organ of mature wheat under droughtstress increased,but the economic coefficient and grain yield were significantly decreased.Meanwhile,thedrought stress promoted the translocation of dry matter from vegetative organs to grain of‘Jingdong 8＇,whilethe drought stress inhibited this translocation of‘Jimai 585＇,‘Henong 825＇and‘Nongda 211＇.The influenceof drought stress on wheat grain-filling had genotype difference.Under the condition of rain-fed cultivation,the maximum grain filling rate of‘Henong 825＇,‘Jimai 585＇and‘Nongda 211＇increased significantlycompared with that under irrigation cultivation,but the maximum grain filling rate of ‘Jingdong 8＇significantly reduced.Drought stress has little effect on the changes of slow-increase period,fast-increaseperiod and slight-increase period of‘Henong 825＇and‘Nongda 211＇,but shortened the days of slow-increase period and fast-increase period in‘Jimai 585＇,and extended the slow-increase period days of‘Jingdong 8＇,delayed the time of peak filling stage.

关 键 词：小麦 干旱胁迫 干物质积累与转移 籽粒灌浆 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]