世界冰雪运动竞争新格局  

An Analysis of the New Competition Pattern of World Ice and Snow Sports

作　　者：栾永鑫 伊超[1] 刘鹤鸣 LUAN Yong-xin;YI Chao;LIU He-ming(College of Sports of Qufu Normal University,QuFu 273165,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2018年第5期55-60,共6页China Winter Sports

摘　　要：冬季奥运会奖牌分布能直观反映世界冰雪运动项目的竞争格局及特征。运用文献资料和数理统计等方法,对2006年意大利都灵冬奥会到2018年韩国平昌冬奥会4届冬奥会奖牌分布与归属情况进行统计分析。研究发现:冬奥会奖牌分布能够直观体现冰雪运动的竞争格局,近4届冬奥会前15名主要成员基本不变,更迭率较低,成员排名有微小的变动;欧洲、亚洲、北美洲是世界冰雪运动的三大主力,冬奥会奖牌分布呈现出垄断式、强弱明显的分化格局;世界冰雪运动以"美、德、俄、挪威、加拿大五国对抗"为主基调,形成具有持续冲击力且相对稳定的"三集团"总体竞争格局;奖牌、金牌分布集中,奖牌分布和夺牌国书呈现出两三角形倒套特征,世界冰雪运动呈现出"强者更强、弱者更弱"的两极分化态势。the distribution of winter Olympic MEDALS can directly reflect the competitive pattern and characteristics of the world’s ice and snow sports.By using the methods of documentation and mathematical statistics,the paper makes a statistical analysis of the medal distribution and attribution of the 4 th winter Olympic Games from the 2006 winter Olympic Games in Turin,Italy to the 2018 winter Olympic Games in pyeongchang,South Korea.Research findings:the distribution winter Olympic MEDALS can directly reflect the competition pattern of ice and snow sports.The 15 main members in the first four winter Olympic Games are basically unchanged,with low turnover rate and slight changes in the ranking of the members.Europe,Asia and North America are the three main forces in the world of ice and snow sports.The distribution of winter Olympic MEDALS shows a monopolistic pattern of strong and weak differentiation.the world ice and snow movement is based on the principle of'five countries’confrontation in the United States,Germany,Russia,Norway and Canada',forming the overall competition pattern of the'three groups'with sustained impact and relatively stable.the distribution of gold MEDALS is concentrated,the distribution of MEDALS and the winning of the card shows the characteristics of two triangles inverted sets,and the world ice and snow sports show the polarization of'the stronger and the weaker'.

关 键 词：冰雪运动 奖牌分布 竞争格局 

分 类 号：G86[文化科学—体育训练]