2014年铜仁市异常农业气候条件对烤烟生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of Abnormal Agricultural Climate on Growth and Yield of Flue- cured Tobacco in Tongren in 2014

作　　者：马健 龙文 熊承飞 

机构地区：[1]贵州省铜仁市烟草公司,贵州铜仁554300 [2]贵州省德江县烟草分公司,贵州德江525600

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第8期234-237,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省烟草公司科技项目专项[中烟黔科(2014)2]

摘　　要：从与烟草生长发育密切相关的温度、日照、降雨量等气候因子入手,采用统计分析方法,分析2014年铜仁市异常气候条件下光照、温度及降雨量对铜仁市烤烟生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,苗期日照时数显著偏少成苗素质降低;移栽至还苗期寡照对烤烟移栽有利但不利于还苗;旺长期强降雨等强对流天气多发、光照不足,灾情较严重,不利于烟株早生快发,对烤烟产质造成重大不利影响;成熟期多雨寡照、高温高湿不利于干物质累积,病害严重,影响烟叶品质。特别是4月下旬、5月下旬、6月上旬、7月中旬、8月中旬全市出现持续性暴雨、大暴雨、局部特大暴雨,给烤烟生产造成了严重损失。总体来说,2014年铜仁市烤烟生产的农业气候条件较差,烟叶产量和质量均下降。Starting from temperature, sunshine, precipitation and other climatic factors, which are closely related the growth and development of tobacco, effects of sunshine, temperature and precipitation on growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco in Tongren City under abnormal climatic conditions in 2014 were analyzed. The results showed that in seedling stage, sunshine hours were markedly less and seedling quality decreased; in transplanting to return to seedling stage, sunlight shortage was good for flue-cured tobacco transplanting but bad for seedling; in vigorous period, strong convective weather multiple happened, insufficient illumination, serious disaster, these factors were not conducive to early growth and quick tiller and quality of tobacco production; in mature period, rainy and sunlight shortage, high temperature and high humidity were bad for dry matter accumulation, disease severity affected the quality of tobacco leaves. Especially in late April, late May, early June, mid-July and mid-August, torrential rain, heavy rain, local heavy rainfall caused serious damage to flue-cured tobacco production. In general, agricultural climate conditions of flue-cured tobacco production were poorer, yield and quality of tobacco leaves were falling in Tongren in 2014.

关 键 词：异常气候 烤烟 生长发育 产量 影响 铜仁市 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]