枣果皮组织结构与裂果关系研究  

Study on the relationship between jujube peel histological structure and fruit cracking

作　　者：李彦玲[1,2] 杨爱珍[2,3] 孟泽 王晓琴[3] 师光禄[3] 王有年[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]北京农学院农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京102206 [3]北京农学院生物科学技术学院,北京102206

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2016年第2期34-41,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：2015科研机构开发课题-农业部(KFK2015001);北京市自然科学基金重点资助项目(5111001);北京市教委14科基-科创平台_“桃果实品质形成机理与体制增效关键技术研究”_(PXM2013_014207_000040)

摘　　要：【目的】为寻求枣裂果防控、裂果机理和抗裂良种选育提供理论依据和参考。【方法】从花后15 d开始采样,每10 d采样1次,调查易裂品种‘京枣39’（Ziziphus jujube Mill.‘Jing39’）和抗裂品种‘郎家园枣’（Ziziphus jujube Mill.‘Langjiayuanzao’）生长发育规律与裂果的关系,在果园中和室内统计裂果率,制作石蜡切片,观测正常果和裂果的果皮结构和细胞形态特征以及在不同生长发育时期的组织结构变化。【结果】（1）‘京枣39’生长比较迅速,细胞膨大期长,单果重在每个时期均大于‘郎家园枣’。‘郎家园枣’的横纵经均小于‘京枣39’。（2）‘京枣39’正常果的表皮层厚度和角质层厚度均显著大于裂果,同时显著大于‘郎家园枣’正常果和裂果,‘京枣39’表皮厚度和角质层厚度裂果/正常果的比值均分别小于‘郎家园枣’,正常果的表皮细胞和角质层细胞比裂果的排列紧密,正常果的表皮细胞和角质层细胞大多呈方形、长方形或长柱形,裂果的大多呈长圆形、椭圆形或卵圆形。（3）花后40~70 d‘京枣39’表皮层厚度和角质层厚度变化较大,细胞体积增长比较迅速,花后40 d之后,‘京枣39’果肉细胞中空腔大小和数量多于‘郎家园枣’。【结论】‘京枣39’比‘郎家园枣’膨大期长、细胞体积增长迅速,同一品种,表皮厚度是主要导致裂果的因素,与角质层无显著规律,‘京枣39’正常果的表皮层和角质层比裂果的厚,当降到一定值时将变为裂果,裂果表皮厚度/正常果表皮厚度和裂果角质层厚度/正常果角质层厚度的比值可以作为衡量枣果裂果的重要依据,其比值小将易裂果,果实发育后期果肉空腔数量越多、体积越大越容易发生裂果。【Objective】This paper provides some theoretical evidence and experimental data for prevention and crack resistance breeding of fruit cracking. 【Methods】The samples were collected every 10 days from 15 to 100 days after full bloom. To investigate the cracking- resistant ‘Langjiayuanzao＇and the susceptible ‘Jing 39＇of the relationship between jujube development and cracking fruit,cracking rates in orchards and indoor and the fruit peel structure and morphological characteristics of the two different varieties in normal and cracking jujube fruit were observed. At the same time,the changes of organizational structure during the fruit developmental period were also observed by making paraffin slice.【Results】1. The results showed that ＇Jing 39＇ grew rapidly and cell enlargement period was long. Fruit weight of ＇Jing 39＇ was greater than that of the ＇Langjiayuanzao＇ during each period. The fruit transverse and longitudinal di-ameter of ＇Jing 39＇ was higher than that of ＇Langjiayuanzao＇. 2. The epidermal layer thickness and cuticle thickness of normal ＇Jing 39 ＇were greater significantly than that of cracking ＇Jing 39＇,normal ＇Langjiayuanzao＇ and cracking ＇Langjiayuanzao＇. The ratio of normal fruit and cracking fruit of epidermis thickness and cuticle thickness of ＇Jing 39＇ were less than that of ＇Langjiayuanzao＇. The epidermal cells and stratum corneum cells of normal fruit arranged more closely than that of cracking fruit. Most epidermal cells and stratum corneum cells of normal fruit were square,rectangular or cylindrical,and that of fruit cracking were mainly oblong,elliptic or ovate. 3. The cell volume increased rapidly in the growth stage（ 40 to 70 days after full bloom）. The size and number of the cavities of ＇Jing 39＇ were more than that of ＇Langjiayuanzao＇ in the growth stage（ 40 days after full bloom）.【Conclusion】The cell volume of ＇Jing 39 ＇ grew relatively rapid and cell enlargement period was long in the expansion stage a

关 键 词：枣 裂果 生长时期 组织结构 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]