云南5个自然保护区生态系统构成及景观格局变化  

Analysis on Ecological System Structure and Landscape Pattern Changing of Five Types of Nature Reserves in Yunnan Province

作　　者：王艳霞[1] 叶江霞[2] 黄晓园[3] 周汝良[3] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [3]西南林业大学生态旅游学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2016年第3期95-104,共10页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技创新人才计划项目(2014HC014)资助;云南省教育厅项目(2015Z135)资助;国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201404402)资助;西南林业大学科研启动基金(111407)资助

摘　　要：以2000、2005、2010年为时间点,分析云南省5个自然保护区的生态系统格局、构成变化和景观斑块变化,结果表明:哀牢山保护区森林、草地、湿地面积有所增加,耕地面积有所减小;无量山、哈巴雪山保护区森林、草地、湿地类生态系统面积没有明显变化,后者耕地面积有所减少,城镇类面积有所增加;澜沧江保护区森林生态系统面积有小幅度的减小,草地、湿地生态系统面积有小幅度的增加,耕地、城镇类的地块面积略有增加;小黑山保护区森林、草地面积增加,湿地面积未变。哀牢山保护区有0.6 km^2的耕地转变为森林、0.1 km^2的耕地转变为湿地;哈巴雪山保护区有0.2 km^2的耕地转化为城镇;小黑山保护区有1.8 km^2耕地转变为森林,0.7 km^2耕地转变为草地,森林有0.2 km^2转变为草地、0.1 km^2转变为耕地;临沧澜沧江保护区有0.4 km^2的森林变为城镇,0.1 km^2变为草地,0.8 km^2变为湿地,有0.1 km^2湿地变为森林、0.1 km^2湿地变为城镇。各保护区斑块变化幅度小,破碎化现象不明显。总体来看,保护区森林生态系统处于相对稳定发展的状态,森林资源得到了有效地保护,但需加强对耕地、城镇类人为干扰的监测。Ecological system structure and landscape pattern changing for five types of nature reserves in Yunnan Province were analyzed. The time nodes were the year 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results showed that areas of forest, grassland and wetland in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve （ALMNNR） increased and arable land decreased. Areas of forest, grassland and wetland in Wuliang Mountain National Nature Reserve （WLMNNR） were not changed obviously and so the same as forest, grassland and wetland in the Haba Snow Mountain Provincial Na- ture Reserve （HBSMPNR） , but its arable land decreased and urban area was increased. A small reduce happened in forest ecosystem in Lancang River Provincial Nature Reserve in Lincang （LCRPNRLC） and it occurred a slight increase of grassland, wetland, arable land and urban land. For Xiaohei Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve （XHMPNR）, its forest and grassland area increased and wetland was not increased. There were 0. 6 km2 arable land became forest land and 0. 1 km2 wetland in ALMNNR. 0.2 km2 arable land were converted into urban land in HBSMPNR. 1.8 km2 and 0.7 km2 arable land changed to forest land and grassland respectively in XHMPNR, and there also had 0.2 km2 and 0. 1 km2 forest land of XHMPNR changed to grassland and arable land respectively. LCRPNRLC had 0. 4 km2, 0. 1 km2 and 0. 8 km2 forest land turned into urban land, grassland and wetland respec- tively, and 0. 1 km2 wetland developed to forest land and 0. 1 km2 wetland descended to urban land. Each nature reserve had a slowly change and landscape pattern became stability. On the whole, forest ecosystems of all reserves were in the condition of relatively stable development, and forest resources attained an effective protection. However, monitoring and governing of human activities need to strengthen in future.

关 键 词：自然保护区 生态系统 构成 空间分析 景观格局 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]