广东“南澳Ⅰ号”出水明代景德镇青花瓷标本钴蓝颜料研究  

Cobalt Blue Pigments on Ming Dynasty Jingdezhen Blue-and-White Porcelain Recovered from Nan'ao Ⅰ Shipwreck

作　　者：马燕莹 胡东波[1] 孙键 

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [2]国家文物局水下文化遗产保护中心,100029

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2016年第5期143-151,共9页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要："南澳I号"沉船位于广东汕头市南澳县南澳屿与半潮礁之间海域,是一艘明万历年间商船(1573-1620 A.D.)。2007年发现并于2009年开始打捞,到目前为止出水文物以瓷器为主,其中漳州窑瓷器数量最多、景德镇瓷器品质最优。本文利用体视显微镜(Stereo Microscopy)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman Microscopy)、扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪(SEM-EDX)等,以3件"南澳I号"出水的景德镇窑青花瓷器碎片样品为研究标本,制作成断面样品,直接分析其釉层与色料层形态与组成。SEM-EDX发现青花部位保留有明显的色料层,显色元素为Fe、Mn和Co元素,为钴土矿。色料层中针状结晶经Raman光谱确定为钙长石(CaAl_2Si-2O_8),同时在富Co区域发现了钴蓝(CoO·Al_2O_3)和MnO 2等化合物。Nan＇ao I shipwreck site is located in the sea area between the Nan＇ao island and the Banchao reef in Nan＇ao county, Shantou, Guangdong province. The shipwreck, found in 2007 and salvaged in 2009, was a merchant ship dated to the Wanli reign（1573-1620） in Ming dynasty. The majority of relics found at the shipwreck so far are porcelains, especially those produced in Zhangzhou kilns. Porcelains of the best quality came from Jingdezhen kilns. The current authors use Stereo Microscopy, Raman Microscopy and SEM-EDX（scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray） to study three Jingdezhen blue-andwhite shards from the Nan＇ao I shipwreck. The SEM-EDX results show that the chromogenic elements are Fe, Mn and Co. Pigments on these shards can be seen clearly and the well crystallized needle-like crystal within it is identified by Raman as anorthite（CaAl_2Si_2O_8）. In high Co-content areas, cobalt blue（cobalt aluminium oxide CoO·Al_2O_3） and MnO 2 have been discovered.

关 键 词：青花瓷 明代 南澳I号 钴蓝色料 钙长石 激光拉曼光谱 扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]