语言单位:居间介质与话语链——谨以此文纪念索绪尔《普通语言学教程》出版一百周年  

The linguistic unit:Milieu intermédiaire and the chain of discourse

作　　者：屠友祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2016年第3期323-334,478,共12页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科基地重大项目"符号科学的发展和文学理论的突破"(12JJD750014)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：从意义整体确定单位,展现了心智的纵向聚合的一面,其中居间介质是最重要的表征,同时横向组合的一面,则是从话语链呈现单位。居间介质是概念和听觉印象的相互蕴含体,是"形式-意义"的相互结合体,而言说主体的语言意识是居间介质的确立者。构成对置的,不是形式(能指)和意义(所指),而是属于外在现象的发声形象和属于内在意识现象的居间介质(形式-意义,声音-思想),后者有言说主体的意识的介入。索绪尔刻意重视共时态,也是由于以言说主体的语言意识为出发点的缘故。语言符号的任意性存在于共时态之中,展现其以有限之符号表现无限之意义的力量。"声音-思想"(形式-意义)这一居间介质是思想差异与声音差异相互作用的结果,因而居间介质就隐含着区分作用,这是凭借居间介质确定单位的原因所在。语言意识的呈现框架是言说主体的视点,视点造就关系,同时也造就居间介质。居间介质这一概念可能使我们以前对索绪尔理论的理解发生根本性的改变。To determine the unit according to the meaning shows the paradigmatic side of the mind,in which un milieu intermédiaire(the form-meaning,the sound-thought)is the most important embodiment,while the syntagmatic side of the linguistic mechanism is revealed by defining the unit from the chain of discourse.Milieu intermédiaire,which is established by the language consciousness of the speaking subjects,is uniting dynamically the concept and the acoustic image,the meaning and the form.What is opposite is not the form(signifier)and the meaning(signified),but the vocal figure that belongs to external phenomena and the milieu intermédiaire that belongs to the internal conscious phenomena.The latter involves the consciousness of the speaking subjects.The reason why F.de Saussure focuses his attention on synchrony is that he views the consciousness of the speaking subjects as a starting point.The arbitrariness of a linguistic sign,which exists in synchrony,is able to express infinite meanings with finite signs.Milieu intermédiaire is the result of the interaction between thoughts differences and sounds differences,so it implies discriminating effects which lead to the formation of the unit.The notation of milieu intermédiaire will probably lead to a fundamental change on our previous understanding about Saussure's theory.

关 键 词：单位 居间介质 话语链 言说主体的语言意识 共时态 视点 关系 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]