多孔硅粉的制备及其含能材料性能测试  

Preparation of Porous Silicon Powder and Study on Its Composite Energetic Materials

作　　者：付琼[1] 刘玉存[1] 王建华[1] 于雁武[1] 

机构地区：[1]中北大学化工与环境学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中北大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期172-176,共5页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：以多晶硅粉为原料,利用化学腐蚀法制备多孔硅粉(porous silicon,PS),利用全自动比表面积仪及扫描电镜对多孔硅粉进行表征.以PS为燃烧剂,高氯酸钠(NaClO4)为氧化剂,制备了PS/NaClO4复合含能材料.热成像仪检测了PS/NaClO4燃烧时的火焰温度,同时测试了该复合含能材料的火焰感度及机械感度.结果表明:经过化学腐蚀后,硅粉颗粒表面产生了大量的纳米孔洞,形成多孔硅.同样的腐蚀条件下,原料硅粉平均粒径越小,所制得的多孔硅样品比表面积越大.与Si/NaClO4相比,PS/NaClO4复合含能材料燃烧时最高火焰温度从2 114℃上升至2 444℃,两种复合材料的火焰感度相当,摩擦感度提高了63.6%,撞击感度则降低了60%.The porous silicon powder which was prepared from the silicon powder by chemical etching method was used as reducing agent in compositions containing sodium perchlorate（NaClO4）.The structure of the PS particle was characterized by SEM and BET.The flame temperature and the sensitivities of the PS/NaClO4 composite materials were also tested.The results showed that there were pores in the surface after the chemical etching,the average particle size of particle was smaller,the specific surface area was higher.The highest combustion flame temperature of the PS/NaClO4 is 2 444℃.The sensitivity to flame of PS/NaClO4 was the same as Si/NaClO4.The friction sensitivities of PS/NaClO4 was increased by 63.6% and the impact sensitivities was decreased by 60%.

关 键 词：化学腐蚀法 多孔硅粉 复合含能材料 火焰温度 感度 

分 类 号：O613.72[理学—无机化学]