基于纳米材料的固相萃取在痕量元素及其形态分析中的应用  

Nanomaterials-based solid phase extraction for the separation/preconcentration of trace elements and their species

作　　者：黄理金[1] 何蔓[1] 陈贝贝[1] 胡斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2016年第5期452-465,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:21375097;21575107)资助项目

摘　　要：作为新型材料的典型代表,纳米材料具有粒径小、比表面积大、表面原子活性高等优点,已成为一类极具潜力的固相萃取材料,在痕量元素及其形态分析领域得到了广泛的应用.本文对不同类型纳米材料与原子光/质谱相结合在痕量元素及其形态分析中的应用现状进行了评述,包括零维纳米材料(如纳米球、富勒烯、量子点等)、一维纳米材料(如碳纳米管、纳米棒、纳米线等)、二维纳米材料(如纳米纤维、石墨烯/氧化石墨烯、层状双氢氧化物等)及三维纳米材料(如三维碳材料、纳米海绵、树枝状大分子等).为了改善其选择性、拓宽其在不同实际样品中的应用潜力、或进一步提高其吸附容量,一些新型的纳米材料包括离子印迹材料、限制性进入材料、金属有机框架材料等也被用于环境及生物样品中痕量元素及其形态的分析,推动了其在该研究领域的进一步发展.Nanomaterials, featuring with small size, easy preparation, high surface area and strong adsorption capacity, have become a kind of good adsorbents with extensive application potential for trace elements analysis and their speciation. Herein, the recent progress and advances in designing nanostructured solid phase extraction adsorbents based on various dimensions and their applications in trace elemental analysis and their speciation is reviewed, including zero dimensional nanomaterials（e.g. nanoparticles, mesoporous nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, fullerenes）, one dimensional nanomaterials（e.g. carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanotubes, nanowires）, two dimensional nanomaterials（e.g. nanofibers, graphene/graphene oxide, layered double hydroxide） and three dimensional nanomaterials（e.g. nanoflowers, dendritic polymers）. To further improve the selectivity, adsorption capacity and the application potential in direct sample analysis, some other novel nanometer materials, including ion imprinting materials, metal-organic frameworks and restricted access materials, are also developed and employed for the analysis of trace elements and their species in environmental and biological samples.

关 键 词：纳米材料 固相萃取 痕量元素 形态分析 原子光谱 

分 类 号：O658.2[理学—分析化学] TB383.1[理学—化学]