培肥措施对植烟土壤主要理化性状及烟草经济效益的影响  

Soil physico-chemical properties and tobacco economic benefit affected by fertilization measures

作　　者：骆园[1] 张欢欢[1] 熊德中[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2016年第2期351-356,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省烟草公司资助项目(2013.65)

摘　　要：为了改善福建省长汀县烟草种植区土壤肥力状况,提高烟叶质量,通过田间小区试验,在等量氮、磷、钾的施用条件下,研究不同培肥措施对土壤主要肥力性状及烟草经济性状的影响。结果表明,各种培肥措施中生石灰的施用对于提高土壤p H效果最明显,但对土壤培肥效果最差,而施用硝化抑制剂及进行稻草还田的处理改土培肥的效果最好。硝化抑制剂在提高土壤碱解氮含量、脲酶活性和烟草产量、产值、均价和上等烟比例上效果最好,与对照相比,分别提高17%、17%、17%、25%、7%、14%。稻草还田(3 000.0 kg/hm^2)对提高土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量,过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性和各种微生物数量的效果最好。生物质炭(炭化谷壳6 000.0kg/hm^2)处理的改土培肥效果仅次于硝化抑制剂和稻草还田处理,但其中上等烟比例最高,烟草产量和产值也高于稻草还田处理,具有良好的经济效益。过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥处理则在提高土壤交换性钙、镁上表现明显,土壤交换性钙、镁含量比对照均高41%。To improve the soil fertility of Changting county in Fujian province and raise tobacco quality, the effect of different fertilization measures on tobacco-planted soil fertility properties and flue-cued tobacco economic traits were studied under the condition of the same application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The application of quicklime showed the best effect on increasing soil pH, but the worst effect on improving soil fertility, while the application of nitrifi-cation inhibitors and straw returning to the field turned out to be the best measures to improve the soil fertility. Nitrification inhibitors played a significant role in increasing soil available nitrogen content, urease activities and flue-cured tobacco out-put, production value, average price and the first-class tobacco proportion, which were 17%, 17%, 17%, 25%, 7%, 14% higher than those of the control （ conventional fertilization ） , respectively. Straw returning to the filed （ 3 000.0 kg/hm2 ） was the most favorable treatment for enhancing the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and rap-idly available potassium, the activities of soil catalase, phosphatase and sucrase, and the quantities of soil microorganism, which were much higher than those in con-trol. The effect on improving soil fertility of biochar （ car-bonized chaff 6 000.0 kg/hm2 ） ranked the second to nitri-fication inhibitors and straw returning to the filed, however it contributed to achieving higher flue-cured tobacco output＆nbsp;and production value. Calcium superphosphate and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilization helped to increase soil ex-changeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium.

关 键 词：培肥措施 土壤理化性状 烤烟经济性状 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]