固定源排放污染物健康风险评价方法的建立  

Establishment of Method for Health Risk Assessment of Pollutants from Fixed Sources

作　　者：陈强[1] 吴焕波[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院,半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第5期1646-1652,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技攻关项目(1204FKCA130);半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室(兰州大学)开放课题项目

摘　　要：将AERMOD模型应用于健康风险评价中,建立固定源排放污染物的健康风险评价方法,直接预测污染源排放毒性污染物通过某种暴露途径引起的健康风险.以兰州市三大电厂在采暖期和非采暖期排放可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))中多环芳烃(PAHs)和其中的苯并[a]芘(Ba P)对不同年龄、不同性别的人群在呼吸暴露下的健康风险(包括致癌风险值和非致癌危险指数)为例,结合兰州市采样点处PM_(10)中PAHs的实测数据,分析三大电厂排放PM_(10)中PAHs和Ba P对人群呼吸暴露下的健康风险在采样点处的贡献率.结果表明贡献率与性别和年龄无关,与时间段和风险类别有关,非采暖期的贡献比采暖期的大,非致癌危险指数的贡献比致癌风险值的大.通过与传统方法的对比验证该方法的可靠性.该方法适用于所有固定源排放毒性污染物的健康风险评价以及环境影响评价中环境风险的评价.A health risk assessment method of pollutants from fixed sources was developed by applying AERMOD model in the health risk assessment. The method could directly forecast the health risks of toxic pollutants from source by some exposure pathway. Using the established method,in combination with the data of sources and traditional health risk assessment method as well as the measured data of PAHs in inhalation particle matter（ PM10） in Lanzhou,the health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） and benzo[a]pyrene（ Ba P） in PM10 from the three fire power plants and the health risk of PAHs and Ba P in PM10 at the receptor point by inhalation exposure in heating and non-heating seasons was calculated,respectively. Then the contribution rates of the health risk caused by the three fire power plants to the health risk at the receptor point were calculated. The results showed that the contribution rates were not associated with sex and age,but were associated with time period and risk types. The contribution rates in the nonheating seasons were greater than those in heating seasons,and the contribution rates of the carcinogenic risk index were greater than those of the cancer risk value. The reliability of the established method was validated by comparing with the traditional method. This method was applicable to health risk assessment of toxic pollutants from all fixed sources and environmental risk assessment of environmental impact assessment.

关 键 词：固定源 健康风险评价 AERMOD模型 多环芳烃 环境影响评价 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]