2011-2013年蝇类种群分布和季节消长及多样性研究  

Population structure,seasonal fluctuation and species diversity index of flies from 2011 to 2013

作　　者：赵志刚[1,2] 王学军[1] 霍新北[1,2] 康殿民[1] 景晓[1] 张世水[1] 曲宝泉[1] 宫学诗[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学预防医学研究院山东省疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250014 [2]山东省传染病预防控制重点实验室,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2015年第6期595-598,共4页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(编号:ZR2011HM033);山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(编号:2009HW055)

摘　　要：目的了解山东省蝇类组成、季节消长及不同月份、不同生境蝇类种群的多样性特征,为蝇类的防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用笼诱法,以糖、食醋、水混合作为诱饵,4-11月调查蝇类密度和种群。多样性的测定采用多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数。结果 2011-2013年,山东省蝇类优势种为家蝇、丝光绿蝇和大头金蝇。蝇类总体的季节消长情况呈单峰型曲线,蝇密度高峰期在6-9月,最高峰出现在7月份。从不同月份的多样性测定看,2012年6月多样性指数最大和4月均匀度指数最大,分别为1.816和0.863;而2011-2013年11月优势度指数均为同年中最大值,其中2012年11月为3年中最大,为0.769。从不同环境的多样性测定方面,2011年农贸市场多样性指数和居民区中均匀度指数最高,分别为1.852和0.755;2012年餐饮外环境中优势度指数最高,为0.533。结论物种多样性指数(多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数)可反映蝇类群落特征和物种多样性特征,结果为了解山东省蝇种群分布以及预防蝇类危害提供了基础数据,从而达到控制传染病发生与流行的目的。Objective To illustrate the composition, seasonal fluctuation and diversity of flies at different habitants in different months, and provide a scientific basis for fly control in Shandong Province. Methods Cage trap method was employed in the investigation. Sugar and vinegar were used as baits to capture flies from April to November. The species diversity index, evenness index and dominance index were analyzed. Results The top 3 dominant species were Musca domestica, Lucilia sericata and Chrysomyia megacephala. The overall seasonal prevalence of flies was a single-peak curve, and the peak was usually from June to September, the highest peak appeared in July within 2011 - 2013. Acording to species diversity index from seasonal fluctuation, the highest diversity index appeared in July and the highest evenness index appeared in April in 2012, which were 1. 816 and 0. 863 respectively; and the highest dominance index appeared in November from 2011 to 2013, but the peak with the value of 0. 769 appeared in November in 2012. Acording to species diversity index from different environment, the highest diversity index （ 1. 852 ） was in farmers＇ market and the highest evenness index （0. 755 ） in residential area in 2011. The highest dominance index （0. 533 ） was in external environments of restaurants in 2012. Conclusion The fly population and diversity characteristics can be reflected with the species diversity index （diversity index, evenness index, dominance index） , providing the scientific basis for illustrating species composition and fly control.

关 键 词：蝇类 种群分布 季节消长 多样性 

分 类 号：R384.2[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]