花椒籽饼熏蒸对番茄根结线虫的防效及作用机理  

Studies on Root-knot Nematode Control Effect and its Mechanism by Biofumigation with Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seed Meal in Tomato Seedlings

作　　者：何川[1] 巩彪[1,2] 王超[1] 王秀峰[1,2] 魏珉[1,2] 杨凤娟[1,2] 李岩[1,2] 史庆华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,农业部黄淮海设施农业工程科学观测实验站,山东泰安271018 [2]作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2016年第6期64-70,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD05B03);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05-10)

摘　　要：采用温室盆栽试验、GC-MS分析方法以及根结线虫二龄幼虫离体触杀试验,研究了花椒籽饼对番茄根结线虫的防治效果及其作用机理。结果表明:土壤生物熏蒸处理30d后,随花椒籽饼施用量的增加,土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾含量均显著增加,土壤p H值呈上升趋势,速效磷含量则下降;番茄定植30d后,随花椒籽饼施用量的增加,植株根结指数逐渐下降,株高、茎粗则呈现先增加后降低的趋势;不同浓度的花椒籽饼浸提液均对根结线虫虫卵孵化产生抑制作用,且随浸提液浓度的增加抑制作用增强;GC-MS分析结果表明,花椒籽饼中含有28种挥发性物质,其中具有杀线作用的D-柠檬烯和芳樟醇两种物质之和占总成分的13.53%;不同浓度的D-柠檬烯和芳樟醇均能够有效抑制根结线虫二龄幼虫的活性,且表现出明显的浓度效应。综上,适量施用花椒籽饼不仅能够改善土壤理化性质,促进番茄植株生长,而且能够有效地抑制根结线虫的发生,其杀线机理主要归因于花椒籽饼中含有丰富的D-柠檬烯和芳樟醇。This experiment investigated the control effect and mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal on tomato root-knot nematode via pot experiment in greenhouse. The results indicated that the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available potassium in soil were significantly increased by biofumigation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal for 30 days, and the pH value of soil was on the rise tendency, while the content of available phosphorus was decreased. 30 days after fix-planting, the tomato root knot index was gradually decreased along with the increase amount of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal. However, the plant height and stem diameter showed the tendency of first increase then reduce. Different concentrations of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal extracts all had inhibitory effects on hatchability of root knot nematode eggs. The GC-MS analysis showed that there were 28 kinds of volatile substances in Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal, about 13.53% of which was D-limonene and linalool. Different concentrations of D-limonene and linalool could effectively inhibit the activity of root-knot nematode second-stage juveniles, and showed obvious concentration effect. Therefore, apropriate application of Zanthoxylurn bungeanum seed meal could not only improve soil physical and chemical property, promote tomato growth, but also effectively control the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease. The mechanism was due to the abundant D-limonene and linalool contents in Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed meal.

关 键 词：花椒籽饼 生物熏蒸 番茄 根结线虫 防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]