氯盐类融雪剂对路域植物和土壤的影响研究  

Effect of Deicing Chloride Salts on Roadside Plants and Soil

作　　者：单丽岩[1,2] 田霜[2] 胡清[3] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [2]哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [3]哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2016年第3期89-95,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：交通运输部应用基础研究项目(2013319820220)

摘　　要：氯盐类融雪剂的使用对环境造成了严重危害,采用苗圃模拟法进行了氯盐类融雪剂对路域植物和土壤的影响试验研究。通过连续记录植物形态学特征以及对植物和土壤生理生化指标的测定,从而反映机体对逆境的响应与变化过程,深入了解融雪剂对植物和土壤的毒害发生机制。试验结果表明:随着氯盐类融雪剂喷洒次数的增加,植物中Cl^-含量逐渐增加,植株发展表现为形态健康、亚致死效应、致死效应;对于所选的3种供试植物,草皮受氯盐类融雪剂的影响最大,紫薇其次,刺柏最小;随着氯盐类融雪剂喷洒次数的增加,土壤中Cl^-含量、水溶性盐含量逐渐增加,pH值逐渐降低;植物和土壤中阳离子含量未呈现显著的规律性;植物形态的变化与植物和土壤中Cl-含量变化表现出一致性,结合植物生长条件和地面水环境《地表水环境质量标准》的规定,确定了植物和土壤中Cl-含量的临界值。Due to the negative harm caused by deicing chloride salts,this paper employs a nursery simulation method to explore the impact of deicing chloride salts on the roadside plants and soil.In order to deeply understand the toxicity mechanism of deicing chloride salts to plants and soil,the paper continuously observes the morphological features of the nursery-grown plants and determinates the physiological and biochemical indexes of plants and soil,which reflects the response and change process of the organism to adversity.The experimental results demonstrate that the content of Cl^- in plants increases with increasing times of deicing chloride salts sprayed.The morphology of plants can be divided into 3phases：health,sub-lethal effect and lethal effect.Also,the influence of deicing chloride salts is the largest on the sods,followed by Platycladus orientalis is the least.Furthermore,as the increasing times of deicing chloride salts sprayed,the pH value of the soil decreases with the increment of Cl^- content and water soluble salts in the soil.However,the effects of positive cations on plants are still not observed.The phases of vegetation are in accordance with the fluctuation of Cl-content in plants and soil.Last,the thresholds of Cl^- content in both plants and soil are determined based on the growing conditions of plants and the NationalEnvironmen talQualityStandardforSurfaceWater.

关 键 词：氯盐类融雪剂 路域植物 土壤 苗圃模拟法 形态学 Cl-含量 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X833