政治伊斯兰和世俗政党关系研究——以埃及穆斯林兄弟会为例  

Political Islam vs.Secular Political Parties:The Case of Muslim Brotherhood

作　　者：易小明 

机构地区：[1]中央编译局马研部世界政党政治研究处

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2016年第3期31-42,118-119,共12页Arab World Studies

基　　金：中共中央编译局哲学社会科学研究项目"转型时期中东左翼政党研究"(15B02)阶段性成果

摘　　要：政治伊斯兰是中东政党制度中特殊的政治力量,它在政党体系中占有重要的地位,它与世俗政党之间的互动对政党制度以及国内政治的塑造产生了重要的影响。在埃及,以穆斯林兄弟会(以下简称"穆兄会")为代表的政治伊斯兰力量强大,它与世俗政党的关系呈现出合作与竞争并存的态势,且以竞争为主。究其原因,穆兄会与世俗政党之间的关系是埃及世俗主义和伊斯兰复兴主义两种思想政治斗争的集中体现,二者之间存在根本性的矛盾冲突;穆兄会等政治伊斯兰力量虽然具备接受埃及世俗政治统治现状的意愿,但其言行常有矛盾之处,难以获得其他世俗政党的充分信任;当穆兄会等政治伊斯兰和其他世俗政党无法通过选举获得政权时,它们转而讨好当权者以获得政治资源,由于可供竞争的资源有限,二者的竞争是典型的零和博弈关系。Political Islam is a special phenomenon in Islam world,and it plays an important role in political system. The interaction between political Islam and secular political parties exerts great influence in shaping interior politics in Middle East countries. Taking Egypt as an example,Muslim Brotherhood( MB) and other political Islam are very prevalent. Although there exists some cooperation between MB and Egyptian secular political parties,rivalry is still the mainstream relationship of them.The situations result from three factors below: First,it originates from the difference of two thoughts,namely secularism and Islamic Revivalism,which have absolute contrary ideas of howto achieve the development of a state,and the gap could barely be removed. Second,although MB has the will to accept and adapt for the fact that Egypt is dominated by secularism,there is always paradox in its statements and actions,and secular parties firmly believe MB's prosperity means their doom in the Egypt political arena. Third,for there is no political party and movement that could come into power by general election except the National Democratic Party,almost all of political parties have changed their political tactics and obtained political resources by approaching the regime; it's a zero-sum game for secular political parties and MB in the process.

关 键 词：埃及 穆兄会 政党政治 政治伊斯兰 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]