美国总统候选人提名制度的演进及争论  

The Evolution and the Controversy of the U.S. Presidential Nominations

作　　者：刁大明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2016年第2期75-94,7,共20页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：北京外国语大学青年学术创新团队项目"新型国际关系构建中的中美关系研究"(编号为2015JT003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国总统候选人提名制度决定着未来总统的人选。经历了从国会党团到政党全国代表大会再到如今初选制主导的复杂而曲折的制度变迁,现行的美国总统候选人提名制度可被视为是由各州、各政党在不同历史时期多次渐进改革成果叠加而成的产物。在联邦与各州的分权、政党精英与普通民众的平衡等因素的交互影响下,美国总统候选人的提名制度仍旧存在着各州初选差异性、各州初选"前置"竞争,以及"超级代表"等争议议题。可以预见,美国总统候选人提名制度将继续处于调整与改革之中。U.S. Presidential nomination system determines future presidential candidates. With the complicated historical evolution from the Congressional Caucus,National Convention to the Primary as the dominant system,U.S.presidential nomination system can be considered as a result of all the accumulated reforms by the states and the political parties in different historical periods. Interactively influenced by the division of power at the federal and state levels and the balance between political elite and public opinions,U.S. presidential nomination system still faces the controversy over the differences of states' primary vote or caucus,the front-loading competition,and the super delegates. Doubtlessly,the U.S. presidential nomination system will go on with its gradual adjustment and further reform.

关 键 词：美国政治 总统选举 提名制度 初选 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]