施用量及降雨量对碳酸氢铵化肥在砂壤土中垂向迁移转化的影响  

Influence of Fertilizer Content and Rainfall on Ammonium Bicarbonate of Veritical Transport and Transformation in Sandy Loam

作　　者：刘潇钧 董晓华[1,2] 姚着喜 郭梁锋 唐慧雅 苏中波[1,2] 胡晓农[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌444300 [2]水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2016年第5期46-50,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：水利部"十二五"公益性行业专项经费项目(201301066)

摘　　要：土壤氮素是制约作物产量和品质的主要环境因素之一,施用氮肥对农业生产的发展起着重要的作用,研究碳酸氢铵的迁移转化规律对于现代农业发展具有重要意义。通过室内土柱试验对不同碳酸氢铵化肥施用量和不同降雨量进行模拟,在充分供水条件下,抽取土柱不同高度处不同时间的水样,通过测量氨氮、硝态氮和总氮的浓度,分析无机氮垂向迁移转化的规律。结果表明,浅层土中氨氮浓度急剧降低,深层土中氨氮浓度先增加后降低;化肥施用量越多,氨氮浓度变化趋势越平缓;降雨量越大,氨氮损失量越高;硝态氮浓度先增加后降低;化肥施用量越高,硝态氮浓度变化趋势越剧烈;降雨量的变化对硝态氮浓度影响不大;总氮浓度变化趋势与氨氮保持一致。Soil nitrogen is one of the major environmental factors to restrict crop yield and quality.Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in development of agricultural production.Study of ammonium bicarbonate transport and transformation is of great importance for crop high yield.A simulated soil column experiment was conducted in laboratory to study the variations of fertilizer contents and rainfall.The samples in different depth and times were extracted under adequate water supply.By measuring the concentration of Ammonia nitrogen,Nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen,the laws of Inorganic nitrogen transport and transformation were analyzed.In the experimental period,the concentration of Ammonia nitrogen in the shallow soil decreased dramaticly.While it increased first and then decreased in the deep soil.The more fertilizer,the tendency of concentration is gentler;the more rainfall,the losses of the concentration are more.In the whole pillar,the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is increased first and then decreased.The more fertilizer,the tendency of concentration is fiercer.The rainfall has little impact on the concentration.The variation trend of the total nitrogen concentration is consistent with the concentration of ammonia nitrogen.

关 键 词：砂壤土 碳酸氢铵化肥 施用量 降雨量 迁移转化 土柱试验 

分 类 号：TQ441.6[化学工程—化学肥料工业]