变电站雷电侵入过电压波形特征及其影响因素的仿真  

Simulation on the Characteristics and Its Influence Factors of Lightning Intruding Wave in Substation

作　　者：谢施君[1,2] 曾嵘[2] 李建明[1] 庄池杰[2] 张榆[1] 陈少卿[1] 

机构地区：[1]国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院,成都610072 [2]清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系电力系统及发电设备控制和仿真国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《高电压技术》2016年第5期1556-1564,共9页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51577098);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2015M572469)~~

摘　　要：为探讨变电站设备实际耐受的雷电冲击电压波形与标准雷电冲击电压波形的差异,对变电站雷电侵入过电压的波形特征及其影响因素进行了仿真研究。通过在电磁暂态计算程序(EMTP)中建立500 k V交流变电站–输电线路模型,并结合过电压形成的物理过程,分析了雷击类型、输电线路传输过程以及避雷器对雷电侵入过电压波形的影响。研究结果表明:受雷击工况、输电线路传输过程及避雷器等非线性设备的影响,变电站设备实际耐受的雷电侵入波形近似为平顶波,波前时间可达8μs,波尾时间最短仅为10μs,最长可达数百μs。严苛情况下,变电站设备在实际雷电侵入电压波形下的绝缘耐受水平低于标准雷电冲击试验值。该研究为进一步探讨雷电冲击试验标准的合理性奠定了基础。In order to reveal the differences between the waveforms of the standard lightning impulse voltage and the actual lightning voltage which invaded to electric equipment in the substation, we studied the characteristics and its effect factors of lightning intruding wave in substation by simulation and physical analysis. By establishing the simulation model of the 500 k V AC substation and transmission line in the electro-magnetic transient program（EMTP）, using physical analysis, we analyzed the influences of the lightning striking type, the transport process of overvoltage travelling wave and the arrester on the lightning intruding wave in substation. After considering these influences, the practical lightning intruding voltages applied to equipment in substation are approximately to be a flat-top wave. Its front time can reach 8 μs, and tail time can change from 10 μs to hundreds of micro-seconds. In some rigorous cases, the insulation withstand level of substation equipment under actual lightning intruding voltage wave will be lower than that under standard lightning impulse voltage wave. The research lays a foundation for further discussing the rationality of current lightning impulse test standard.

关 键 词：雷电侵入波 过电压 变电站 波形特征 EMTP 避雷器 雷电冲击 绝缘水平 

分 类 号：TM863[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]