英国农业面源污染防控对我国的启示  

Prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollutions in UK and suggestions to China

作　　者：刘坤[1] 任天志[2] 吴文良[1] 孟凡乔[1] Jessica Bellarby Laurence Smith 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [3]Lancaster Environment Centre,Lancaster University

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第5期817-823,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B01);农业部948项目(2011-G30);中英可持续集约化农业养分管理和水资源保护项目

摘　　要：当前,世界范围内正面临着粮食增产与维护和改善农业生态环境质量的挑战,治理面源污染是其中的重要内容。通过对英国面源污染治理的防治技术、技术推广体系和相关政策措施方面的系统整理和分析,就我国相应工作提出建议和对策。结合我国当前一控两减三基本的农业资源和环境对策,今后应主要通过源头控制和过程拦截两种手段,注重化肥的减量优化以及有机无机配合使用,强调土地利用管理、农业结构调整以及种养结合,开发和实施符合各地实际情况的面源污染防控技术和措施。发挥非政府形式技术服务体系在面源污染防控中的重要作用,利用政府补贴、生态补偿等经济手段鼓励农户和农业企业主动防控氮磷物质的损失和对水土系统的污染。相关技术文件和规定应更加具体、明确、具有更好的操作性,依托现代信息手段等进行面源污染数据的收集、传输和分析,并在政策制定过程中统筹考虑。将面源污染纳入国家经济和社会发展的总体规划,与产业优化、经济发展指标完善等宏观政策统一,逐步提升生态文明的建设质量,促进我国社会和经济的可持续发展。Currently,the world is facing challenges of maintaining food production growth while improving agricultural ecological environmental quality.The prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution,a key component of these challenges,is a systematic program which integrates many factors such as technology and its extension,relevant regulation and policies.In the project of UK-China Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network,we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the prevention and control technology,technology extension systems and related policy measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in UK.We then proposed the promotion of prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.Considering the current agricultural resources and environment countermeasures of ＂one control＂（control over the total quantity of the agricultural water and agricultural water environment pollution）,＂two reduction＂（reduction in quantities of fertilizers and pesticides）,and ＂three basic countermeasures＂（resource utilization,recycling,and disharm treatment of livestock and poultry wastes,agricultural plastic films and crop straws）,we suggested that in the near future source control and process prevention should be technical priorities.Optimzation and reduction of chemical fertilizer,combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers,land utilization management,agricultural sector adjustment and integration of crop production with animal husbandry should be the key technologies.The role of non-governmental technical service should be promoted.Government subsidies,ecological compensations and other forms of economic means could be used to encourage famers actively participate in the prevention and control of nitrogen and phosphorus losses and pollution in soil and water systems.Related technical documents and regulations should be more specific,clear,and practical.Collection,transmission and analysis of non-point source pollution data relying on modern information approache

关 键 词：英国 面源污染 农业 肥料 政策 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]