川中丘陵春玉米适宜钾肥用量研究  

The suitable potassium fertilizer rate in spring maize in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin,China

作　　者：谭杰[1,2] 孔凡磊[1,2] 曾晖 袁继超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川温江611130 [2]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [3]简阳市农业局,四川简阳641400

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第3期838-846,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13-2)资助

摘　　要：【目的】采用两年田间定位试验,探讨施钾量对川中丘陵春玉米产量、钾素吸收和利用特性的影响规律,以期为川中丘陵高产春玉米的钾肥管理提供科学依据。【方法】以正红505为试验材料,在施N 225 kg/hm^2、P_2O_590kg/hm^2的基础上,设置5个施钾量(K_2O)处理,分别为0、45、90、135、180 kg/hm^2,每个处理3次重复,完全随机区组设计。在玉米大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期(吐丝后21天)和成熟期采集植株样品,测定干物质积累量和器官含钾量,并计算植株钾积累量、钾素利用和转运,在玉米成熟期测定玉米产量。【结果】随施钾量的增加春玉米产量、钾素农学利用率先升高后逐渐降低,钾生理效率、钾素利用效率和钾素当季回收率随施钾量的增加呈降低趋势,钾素吸收效率、钾肥偏生产力随施钾量的增加显著降低,增施钾肥对钾素收获指数影响不显著。通过二次曲线模拟,在施钾量为K_2O 96.1 kg/hm^2时玉米产量最高,达到最高产量时,每生产100 kg玉米籽粒需吸收K_2O 1.55kg。玉米植株对钾素的吸收主要在吐丝之前,其吸收量占全生育期总量的72.7%88.9%,灌浆初期也仍有较大量的吸收积累;籽粒中的钾素大部分来源于营养器官的转移,施用钾肥促进了钾素向籽粒的转运。【结论】本试验条件下,川中丘陵春玉米施K_2O为90 kg/hm^2左右时,可获得较高钾肥利用率,并获得高产。【Objectives】A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years（ 2013 and 2014） to study the suitable potassium application rate for high grain yield and potassium（ K） use efficiency,to provide a scientific basis for K management in spring maize production in the hilly area of central Sichuan Basin,China. 【Methods】A spring maize cultivar Zhenghong 505 was used,and a randomized complete block experiment was conducted with five K2 O application rates of 0,45,90,135 and 180 kg / hm2,in the base of application of N 225 kg /hm2 and P2O590 kg / hm2,respectively. Plant samples were collected in big trumpet period,silking stage,filling stage,mature stage for the determination of plant dry weight and K contents. The plant K accumulation,K translocation and use efficiency were calculated.【Results】As applied K increasing from 0 to 180 kg / hm2,the grain yield and the agronomic efficiency of K increased first,then gradually decreased; the K physiological efficiency and K recovery efficiency decreased. The K uptake efficiency,K fertilizer efficiency and partial factor productivity reduced significantly except K harvest index. According to the simulated results,the maximum grain yield of maize would be obtained in K2 O application rate of 96. 1 kg / hm2. For production of 100-kilogram grain,it needs to absorb K2 O of 1. 55 kg. K was mainly absorbed before silking stage,the percentage was 72. 7%- 88. 9% of totalK uptake,in early filling stage there was still a relatively high absorption and accumulation. Most K in grains came from transfer from nutritive organ,and higher application of potassium fertilizer resulted in higher potassium transfer to grains.【Conclusions】Under the experimental condition,the optimal K fertilizer rate was K2 O 90 kg / hm2 for high yield and high K use efficiency.

关 键 词：川中丘陵 春玉米 施钾量 产量 钾素利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]