γ-聚谷氨酸对番茄穴盘育苗基质矿质养分供应及幼苗生长发育的影响  

Effects of γ-poly glutamic acid on substrate mineral nutrient supply and growth of tomato plug seedlings

作　　者：褚群[1] 董春娟[1] 尚庆茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第3期855-862,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31172001);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-25);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303014)资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究聚谷氨酸不同加入量对基质理化性状和蔬菜生长的影响,可以为其在番茄穴盘育苗中的合理应用提供依据。【方法】以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩(3∶1∶1,v/v)混合物料为育苗基质,50孔塑料穴盘为育苗容器进行盆栽试验。基质适宜添加量试验:播种前在基质中混入γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)0、1、3、5、10 kg/m3,调查了添加γ-聚谷氨酸后番茄穴盘育苗基质理化、生物学性状及幼苗生长发育参数的动态变化。顶部灌施适宜用量试验:在播种后16 d,将γ-聚谷氨酸0、1、3、5、10 g/Lγ-PGA溶入水溶性肥料溶液(20-20-20)进行顶部灌施,肥料氮(N)浓度为200 mg/L,施用量为1 L/tray,测定了播种后36 d番茄幼苗生长发育参数。【结果】1)基质添加γ-聚谷氨酸显著提高了基质初始持水孔隙度、最大持水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾、交换性镁含量和EC值,降低了通气孔隙度和p H值,增强了番茄穴盘苗生长发育过程中基质速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和交换性镁供应能力,显著提高了番茄穴盘苗生长发育后期基质过氧化氢酶活性和中性磷酸酶活性;这些有效作用随γ-PGA添加量的增加而显著增加,不同添加量处理间差异显著。2)基质添加γ-聚谷氨酸,随着添加量增加,番茄苗叶片叶绿素含量呈逐步增加趋势,根系活力峰值则出现在添加量3 kg/m3水平;3)γ-聚谷氨酸无论基质添加或顶部灌施,对番茄穴盘苗茎叶都表现出促进生长的作用,对根系发育却表现出一定的抑制作用;4)基质添加γ-聚谷氨酸对番茄穴盘苗生长发育的促进作用还表现出明显的延迟效应,在幼苗生长发育后期的效果显著优于前期。【结论】番茄穴盘育苗施用γ-聚谷氨酸能增强基质水分、养分供应能力,促进番茄穴盘苗后期生长发育。【Objectives 】 The objective is to evaluate effects of γ-poly-glutamic acid（ γ-PGA） on tomato plug seedling production. 【Methods】Tomato seedlings were grown in the 50 cell-plug trays,with substrates containing peat moss,vermiculite and perlite（ 3 ∶ 1 ∶ 1,v / v） as the growth medium. γ-PGA was applied in the substrates by mixing with substrate before the sowing. Changes in physical,chemical and biological properties of the substrates and growth parameters of tomato plug seedlings caused by γ-PGA addition were measured. γ-PGA was applied by overhead irrigation 16 days after the sowing. The growth parameters of tomato plug seedlings were measured.【Results】In the beginning of the treatment,γ-PGA improves the water filled porosity,water holding capacity,EC value,and the contents of NH＋4-N,NO-3-N,Olsen-P,readily available K,exchangeable Mg in the substrates,and reduces the p H values. At the seedling growth stage,γ-PGA increases the available N,P,K and Mg contents in the substrate,and especially improves the activities of phosphatase and catalase at the later growth stage. For the tomato seedlings,the chlorophyll contents are increased with the increasing of γ-PGA. The highest root activity is obtained in the treatment of 3 kg / m3γ-PGA. γ-PGA mainly improves the shoot growth but restrains the root growthapplied by either mixing with the substrates before the sowing or watering with γ-PGA solution. γ-PGA shows a delayed effect on the growth of tomato seedlings,and the effect is much better for the later-stage seedlings than early-stage seedlings. 【Conclusions】γ-PGA application can enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of substrates,and therefore improve the growth of tomato seedlings.

关 键 词：番茄 穴盘苗 Γ-聚谷氨酸 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]