施钾水平对油茶养分积累和产油量的影响  

Effect of different levels of potassium fertilization on nutrient accumulation and oil yield of Camellia oleifera Abel

作　　者：张文元[1] 牛德奎[2] 郭晓敏[1] 李小梅[2] 胡冬南[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年第3期863-868,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD14B14);国家自然科学资金项目(31260194);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目(Jiangxi-29)资助

摘　　要：【目的】油茶是中国南方主要的食用油料树种,油茶林地普遍极度缺钾。本文研究施钾水平对油茶氮、磷、钾养分积累和产油量的影响及它们之间的关系,从养分的角度分析钾素水平对油茶单株产油量的作用机理,为合理制定油茶林地土壤培肥制度提供科学依据。【方法】以7年生油茶无性系作为供试油茶品种,在江西九江进行田间试验。试验设置了6个K2O用量:0、100、200、300、400、500 kg/hm^2和一个不施肥对照(CK),每个处理重复3次。调查和比较了不同处理油茶叶片和果实中氮、磷、钾养分含量及单株产油量差异,并针对叶片和果实养分对产油量的作用进行了通径分析。【结果】K_2O年施入量为300 kg/hm^2时可有效促进油茶叶片6月份的磷、钾及10月份叶片和果实的氮、磷、钾的积累,提高鲜果含油率和单株果实产量,单株产油量可达到430 g,增施钾肥对叶片6月份氮含量和种仁含油率的影响不明显。果实中的氮、磷、钾养分和叶片10月份的氮、磷与单株产油量显著相关;果实中的氮和磷积累量对油茶单株产油量的直接作用相对较大,10月份叶片中的氮对产油量也有一定的直接的影响,各养分对产油量的贡献大小顺序为:果实磷>果实氮>果实钾>叶片氮>叶片磷。【结论】施钾水平影响油茶叶片和果实的养分积累,并进一步影响鲜果产量和产油量,K2O年施入量为300 kg/hm^2是较适宜的用量。通过合理施用钾肥提高油茶10月份叶片氮、磷和果实氮、磷、钾含量是获得油茶高产的有效途径。【Objectives】Camellia oleifera Abel is one of the major edible woody oil trees in southern China. It is very common that potassium is extremely lack in the Camellia woodlands,which affects its growth and oil yield seriously. In this paper,the effects of different levels of potassium on the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and oil yield of C. oleifera Abel were studied. The results will provide scientific base for the health management of woody oil trees. 【Methods】Seven-years-old clone strain of C. oleifera Abel was used as tested material,and a field experiment was conducted in Jiujiang City,Jiangxi Provence. Six K2 O application levels： 0,100,200,300,400,500 kg / hm2 and no fertilizer control were designed with triplicates. The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium in the leaves and fruits,the individual plant oil output were determined. 【Results】With annual addition of K2 O 300 kg / hm2,the P and K contents in leaves in June,and the N,P and K contents in leaves and fruits in October were effectively improved. The fruit outputs and oil contents in the fresh fruits were increased significantly. However,the N contents in leaves of June and the oil contents in the dry kernel were not significantly different. N,P,K in fruits and N,P in leaves in October and oil yield per plant were correlated significantly. The accumulation of N and P in the fruits was the most important to the oil output,and the accumulation of N in leaves in October was less important. The contribution of nutrient to oil yield was in the following order： fruit P 〉 fruit N 〉 fruit K 〉 leaf N 〉 leaf P. 【Conclusions】K application levels affect the N,P and K accumulation in leaves and fruits of C. oleifera Abel,consequently affect the oil outputs in fruits. Annual dosage of K2 O 300 kg / hm2 is appropriate for C. oleifera Abel in the tested region.

关 键 词：油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel) 钾素水平 养分 产油量 通径分析 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]