杭州市噪声作业工人听力损失的现状及影响因素  

Hearing Loss and Related In? uencing Factors in Workers Exposed to Noise in Hangzhou

作　　者：谢文倩[1] 曹承建[2] 邵玉仙[2] 吴宪[1] 朱茜如 许鸣[1] 骆湘香 许亮文[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学医学院预防医学系,浙江省重点科技创新团队,浙江杭州310036 [2]杭州市职业病防治院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第5期475-479,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：杭州市卫生科技计划一般项目(编号:2014A70)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨杭州市噪声作业工人高频听力损失现状及其影响因素。[方法]采用横断面流行病学研究方法,于2014年对杭州市16家噪声作业企业的1 371名男性工人进行问卷调查及纯音听力测试,采用卡方检验比较不同高频听力损失状况的工人在人口学特征、企业预防、听力相关知识、听力相关工作行为和生活行为方面的差别,再对单因素分析筛选出的变量进行logistic回归分析。[结果]杭州市噪声作业工人的高频听力损失率为61.4%;工龄长(OR=1.325,P=0.000)、文化程度低(OR=2.065,P=0.000)、戴耳机听音乐(OR=1.281,P=0.000)、长时间打电话(OR=1.16,P=0.018)、入睡时间晚(OR=1.481,P=0.000)是高频听力损失的危险因素;企业发放防护用品(OR=0.685,P=0.041)和知晓噪声对听力有影响(OR=0.619,P=0.021)是高频听力损失的保护因素。[结论]杭州市噪声作业工人的高频听力损失程度较高,工人的高频听力损失是多因素共同作用的结果,企业和工人都应采取积极的预防措施。[ Objective ] To assess high frequency hearing loss and related influencing factors in noise exposed workers in Hangzhou. [ Methods ] A cross-sectional epidemiological study design was used in the study. A total of 1 371 male workers from 16 enterprises with noise exposure were enrolled to conduct a questionnaire survey and a pure-tone hearing test in 2014. Chi- square test was used for comparing differences in demographic characteristics, enterprise prevention programs, hearing protection awareness, and working and living behaviors related to hearing of workers categorized by high frequency hearing loss status; then logistic regression analysis was conducted for variables selected by single factor analysis. [ Results ] The prevalence rate of hearing loss at high frequency of workers in Hangzhou was 61.4%. The risk factors for hearing loss at high frequency included longer length of service （OR=1.325, P=0.000）, low education level （OR=2.065, P=0.000）, wearing headphones to listen to music （OR=1.281, P=0.000）, making long hours of phone calls （OR=1.16, P=0.018）, and late sleep time （OR=1.481, P=0.000）; while the protection factors included enterprises distributing personal protection equipment （OR=0.685, P=0.041） and workers＇ awareness of noise impact on hearing （OR=0.619, P=0.021）. [ Conclusion ] A high prevalence rate of hearing loss at high frequency is identified in the noise exposed workers in Hangzhou, to which many factors may contribute. Therefore, active prevention measures should be taken by both enterprises and workers.

关 键 词：噪声作业工人 听力损失 企业管理 知识 行为 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]