我国冰粒降水天气的观测特征统计分析  

Statistical analysis of observed properties of ice-pellet precipitation in China

作　　者：李杰[1,2,3] 郭学良[1,4] 盛日峰[5] 李兴宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室,北京10002 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京航空航天大学民航学院,江苏南京211106 [4]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [5]山东省人工影响天气办公室,山东济南250031

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2016年第3期349-360,共12页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41005072;40575003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(NJ20140015);国家电网公司科技项目资助(GCB17201400162)

摘　　要：研究冰粒降水天气的特征对于更好地认识冰冻天气,提高冰冻天气的预警预报能力有重要意义,但我国相关研究较少。利用2011—2013年中国民航机场的例行观测、特殊观测资料,分析了冰粒降水天气的时空分布、持续时间和地面气象要素等特征。选取2001—2013年50个探空站资料分析了冰粒的垂直环境特征。结果表明:冰粒降水天气集中分布在中纬度的黄河下游、长江中下游地区。冰粒降水发生的次数与其持续时间相关性不强,在少发区,其持续时间也可能较长;冰粒降水天气在1—2月比较常见,单次冰粒降水天气过程的持续时间比较短,一般不超过1 h;我国冰粒天气发生时,同时常会有轻雾或无其他天气情况,一般很少伴随有雪。冰粒的融化参数一般小于冻雨的融化参数,但冰粒冻结参数一般大于冻雨的冻结参数。在冰粒天气发生之前一般温度逐渐降低、气压逐渐升高。冰粒天气发生前后湿度都比较大,发生期间风速变化比较小。By studying the characteristics of ice pellets,it is possible to understand freezing weather more comprehensively.Such research also contributes to freezing-weather warning and forecasting capabilities.However,due to a lack of observational data,among other concerns and reasons,there has been little relevant research on ice particles in China.Accordingly,in the present study,a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the spatiotemporal distribution and duration of ice-pellet precipitation,along with associated ground-level meteorological variables,was conducted using data from hourly or half-hourly surface observations and special observations of Chinese civil airports during the years 2011-2013.By matching the airport ground observations from airports with radiosonde data during the study period,the characteristics of the vertical atmospheric environment were analyzed.It was found that latitude had a very important influence on the distribution of ice pellets.Ice pellets were mostly distributed in midlatitude areas including the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.There was no substantial correlation between the occurrence and duration of ice pellets.Events may last for a relatively long time where ice-pellet precipitation is rare.Ice-pellet precipitation occurred most often from January to February,and regional differences were found to exist.Ice pellets occurred frequently in January in southern and southwestern regions;and in February in midlatitudes.In the northeast,the peak month for ice pellets was April,while it was March in the north.The duration of a single ice-pellet event was relatively short-mostly less than 2 hours.In the observation data,the number of single ice-pellet events that lasted less than 2 hours was 196,which was 87.50%of the total;Meanwhile,the number that lasted less than 1 hour was 152 /which was 67.86%of the total.In addition,the number of single ice-pellet events that lasted more than 2 hours decreased exponentially：the nu

关 键 词：冰粒 探空资料 气象条件 形成机制 中国 

分 类 号：P412[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.63