西安市2008-2014年甲型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of Hepatitis A in Xi'an from 2008 to 2014

作　　者：杨杨[1,2] 陈志军[1] 侯铁军[1] 刘继锋[1,2] 吴瑞[1,2] 宋立[1] 颜虹[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心计划免疫科,陕西西安710054 [2]西安交通大学医学部流行病与卫生统计系,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2016年第5期469-473,共5页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

摘　　要：目的 分析西安市2008-2014年甲肝流行特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2008-2014年西安市甲肝发病资料进行分析,采用集中度值方法分析甲肝发病的季节特征,应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。结果 2008-2014年西安市共报告甲肝病例572例,年均发病率为1.00/10万,2011年发病率最低（0.61/10万）;2008-2014年发病率整体呈下降趋势（χ^2趋势=48.13,P〈0.001）,2011-2014年间发病率呈上升趋势（χ^2趋势=6.82,P=0.010）。各年份发病无明显季节性。中心城区（1.14/10万）及城乡结合区（1.19/10万）的年均发病率都明显高于郊县（0.76/10万）,差异有统计学意义（均有P〈0.001）,且发病集中在东北方向。病例主要集中在20-69岁,占总病例数的71.68%;病例的发病高峰年龄有后移现象。男女性别比为1.60∶1;病例以农民为主（30.24%）,其次为离退人员（16.78%）、学生（10.50%）。西安市18月龄-6岁儿童甲肝疫苗调查接种率为89.84%。2009年报告甲肝暴发疫情1起。结论 西安市甲肝处于低流行状态,但近3年来发病呈上升趋势,建议应加强疾病监测、加大社区健康教育工作,并对高危人群进行疫苗接种。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hepatitis A in Xi＇an from 2008 to 2014,and to provide scientific basis for targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method of the incidence data of hepatitis A in Xi＇an from 2008- 2014 were analyzed. The muster distribution method was used to analyze the epidemic seasonal characteristics. SPSS 22. 0 software was used for data analysis. Results A total of 572 cases of hepatitis A was reported during 2008 to 2014. The annual average incidence was 1. 00 /100 000. The lowest incidence was0. 61 /100 000 in 2011. The incidence from 2008 to 2014 showed a decreasing trend（χ^2trend= 48,13,P〈 0. 001）,but from2011 to 2014 the incidence showed an increasing trend（ χ^2trend= 6. 82,P = 0. 010）; There was no obvious seasonal peak during the period. The annual average incidences of the central urban area（ 1. 14 /100 000） and the fringe areas（ 1. 19 /100 000） were higher than those of rural areas（ 0. 76 /100 000）. There were significant differences between them（ all P〈 0. 001）. The cases gathered in the northeast of Xi＇an city. The peak age range of the cases was 20 to 69 years old,which accounted for 71. 68% of the total number of cases. The peak age of the cases showed the trend shift to older people. The sex ratio was 1. 60 to 1. Farmers（ 30. 24%）,retirees（ 16. 78%）,students（ 10. 50%） were the most popular occupations.The total vaccination rate from 18 months to 6 years old was 89. 84%. Only one hepatitis A outbreak was reported in 2009.Conclusions Hepatitis A is low endemicity in Xi＇an ctiy. But the incidence showed an increase trend in recent 3 years.The disease surveillance and community health education work should be strengthened. Additionally,the high risk groups could be vaccinated.

关 键 词：肝炎 甲肝 流行病学研究 发病率 

分 类 号：R512.61[医药卫生—内科学] R181[医药卫生—临床医学]