多羟基有机铵黏土防膨剂的合成及应用  

Synthesis and application of a novel polyhydroxy amine clay anti-swelling agent

作　　者：蒲晓林[1] 都伟超 孙金声[2,3] 罗霄[1] 张会丹 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610500 [2]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500 [3]中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院,北京102206 [4]西南民族大学研究生院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《石油化工》2016年第5期595-600,共6页Petrochemical Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2013CB228003);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2012AA091502)

摘　　要：以三乙醇胺和溴丙烯为原料,采用无溶剂法合成了一种新型多羟基有机铵黏土防膨剂——三羟乙基烯丙基溴化铵(TAAC)。采用均匀设计法,对反应温度、反应时间及n(溴丙烯)∶n(三乙醇胺)等影响因素进行了考察。采用离心法测试、滚动回收实验、粒度分析、XRD和FTIR等手段对防膨剂的防膨性能进行研究。表征结果显示,TAAC的加入可明显增加膨润土的颗粒粒径,有效拉近晶层间距,并排挤晶层间水。通过季铵盐与羟基的协同吸附作用,使TAAC牢固地吸附于黏土表面,起到了良好的防膨效果。实验结果表明,TAAC的最佳合成条件为:n(溴丙烯)∶n(三乙醇胺)=1.5、反应时间26 h、反应温度40℃,TAAC产率可达94.3%。A novel organic polyhydroxy amine clay anti-swelling agent,N,N,N-tris（2-hydroxyethyl）-allyl-1-aminium bromide（TAAC）,was prepared from triethanolamine and allyl bromide through solvent-free synthesis. The effects of reaction temperature,reaction time and ratio of the raw materials on the synthesis were studied by means of the uniform design. The anti-swelling property of TAAC was evaluated through centrifugation,hot rolling dispersion test,FTIR,X-ray diffraction and particle distribution test. Owing to the synergistic effect of quaternary ammonium salt and hydroxyl chemisorption,TAAC could efficiently inhibit the lattice expansion and hydration of bentonite. It was indicated that,under the optimal reaction conditions of 26 h,40 ℃ and n（allyl bromide）∶n（triethanolamine）=1.5,the yield of TAAC could reach 94.3%.

关 键 词：三羟乙基烯丙基溴化铵 防膨剂 均匀设计 无溶剂合成 

分 类 号：TQ124.5[化学工程—无机化工]